Skip to main content

Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 10（千葉県流山の名主日記）

Religious events such as Kousin-kou (April, 1804)、庚申講など信仰の行事（文化元年４月）

 

Hyaku-kōshin monuments、流山市前平井・東栄寺の百庚申

 

April, 1804

Until 1872, Japan used the lunar calendar. April in the lunar calendar corresponds to May in the Gregorian calendar.

It had been warmer, but the full-scale agricultural work didn't begin; farmers continued enjoying events.

 

1st, Hyōemon, who wrote this diary, hosted a Kōshin-kou (gathering). Before that, he visited Hyakukōshin.

Hyakukōshin, where many Kōshin monuments were built, remain in various locations in northern Chiba Prefecture. The next day was a holiday.

Kōshin-kou is a gathering held every 60 days on the night of "Kōshin Day". It is held in order to prevent the three worms of the body from leaving the body; it is said that worms reported daily actions to the Emperor of Heaven. People gather and stay up all night, eating and drinking. Before World War II, it was practiced across Japan.
Koshin monuments were erected to commemorate the three-year continuation of the Koshin gathering. Monuments also remain nationwide. Hyaku (one hundred) - koshin refers to a lot of Koshin monuments which were built in a short period of time.

Reference site: Hyaku-koshin in Northwestern Chiba Prefecture - 25 Locations (Summary) in Japanese


Hanging scroll and meal for Kōshin-kou、庚申講の掛け軸と食事

4th, Yusuke from Hirezaki Village returned from western Japan, bringing souvenirs. It had been a long journey of three months.

 

Teirin from Matsugasaki Village had returned at the beginning of last month, so all four on long journeys including a pilgrimage to Ise, had safely returned to their villages. It's good!

 

However, where had Yusuke been for three months? A round trip to Ise would only take a month. 

At that time, men walked 40km a day. An upper-class farmer in Akita, who walked every day, extended his journey from Ise to Nagasaki in 1788. It was a seven-month trip (the distance between Akita and Nagasaki is approximately 2000km).

For people in those days, who lived in the same village from birth to death, travel was their greatest pleasure.

Reference sites: Akita Prefectural Museum (2/2)

 

7th, it was written that trout distribution began. They ate trout, praying for good health.

A whole raw trout arrived from Seto Village. The price was just under 20,000 yen in today's money, so it was quite expensive.

 

10th, the trout distribution ended. It was written that all illnesses would be completely cured if one trout was consumed by one person.

However, smallpox struck the children in the latter half of that year. Not only had they eaten trout, but they had also observed a day to worship the smallpox deity on February 12th.

However, since there were no deaths, perhaps it was effective.

 

18th and 19th, Hyōemon sent Denshichi from his village to help with the lord's mansion move.

 

25th, the wedding took place in the lord's mansion. Hyōemon received an invitation and departed for Edo on the 23rd.

He received money for sake on the 29th and returned to the village on the 2nd. He stayed for a long 10 days.

 

By the way, on the 13th, Jirozaemon from Maegasaki Village came.

He wanted an extension on the payment of the rice until the 10th of the following month. Matsuya Kinbei from Kogane had run away without paying for the rice, but a neighbor was going to handle it.

 

At that time, the crimes of one villager were atoned for by other villagers. Payment was a matter of joint responsibility.

 


Tokyo (new name of Edo) in 1905、愛宕山から
https://www.loc.gov/item/2020634019/


４月

新暦では５月。暖かくなっているはずだが、農作業の本格化は少し先の様子で行事が続く。

１日、日記を書いた兵右衛門は庚申講を主催。その前に、百庚申の参詣に行った。

多くの庚申塔を建立した百庚申（ヘッダーの写真）は、北千葉地域の色々な場所に残っている。翌日は、休日。

庚申講は、60日に一度の「庚申の日」の夜に、三尸の虫が体内から抜けだし、天帝に日頃の行いを告げに行くのを防ぐために、人びとが集い徹夜する行事。飲食をしながら過ごす。戦前は各地で盛んに行われていた。

庚申講を３年間続けた記念などとして庚申塔が建立され、各地に残っている。百庚申は、短期間に建立された100基の庚申塔。

参考サイト：千葉県北西部の百庚申・２５ケ所・総括編


４日、鰭ヶ崎村の勇助が西国から戻り、土産を持って来た。３ヶ月の長旅だ。

松ヶ崎の貞倫は先月の初めに戻っているので、長旅に出た４人全員が、無事に帰村。めでたしめでたし。

しかし、勇助は３か月間もどこへ行ってきたのやら。伊勢往復だけなら1か月だ。

当時の男性は、一日に40km歩く。ひたすら歩いた秋田の上層農民は、1788年に伊勢参りから長崎まで足を延ばし、７ヶ月間の旅をした。生まれてから死ぬまで同じ村で住む当時の人たちにとって旅は一番の楽しみだった。

参考サイト：秋田県立博物館(2/2)

 

７日、「鱒魚給始め」。健康を願って鱒を食べる。

瀬戸村から、生鱒が一本届いた。お代は700文。２万円弱なので、結構高い。

10日、鱒の給仕舞い。“一匹一人にて給候得は、病気全快” とあるが、この年の後半に疱瘡が子どもたちを襲った。２月12日には、疱瘡神を祀る休日もとっていたのだが。

しかし、死者が出なかったので効果ありすべきかも。

 

18、19日に御屋敷の引っ越しで村の傳七を手伝いに出す。

25日に婚礼。兵右衛門は招待を受け、23日に出府。29日に御酒代をいただき、２日に帰村。10日間の長逗留になった。

 

ところで、13日に、前ヶ崎村の次郎左衛門が相談に来た。翌月10日迄、米代の支払いを延ばして欲しいとのこと。小金の松屋金兵衛が、米代金払わず、出奔したが、隣家で対応するという。支払も連帯責任だ。

 

 

 

Previous post  (Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 9（千葉県流山の名主日記): Agricultural off-season was a busy time due to travels and events (February and March, 1804)、旅やイベントで忙しい農閑期（文化元年２月・３月）

Next post (Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 11（千葉県流山の名主日記): Busy farming season started (May and June, 1804)、農作業が本格化（文化元年5・6月）(coming soon)

 

 

The first article in this series (from 1802 to 1848)、シリーズ（1802年から1848年）最初の記事 : Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 1（千葉県流山の名主日記）

 

The first article of the diary from 1849 to 1864, fifty-three articles in total、1849年から1864年の日記（53記事）の最初の記事： Yoshino’s daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃

 


ラベル:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

江戸・明治の性愛の楽しみ

性愛については、赤裸々に書き残す人は少なく、隠語で書かれていることが多いといいます。そりゃそうですよね。でも、いくつかの本には、江戸・明治の人々が性愛をどのように楽しんでいたかが書かれています。私が読んだのはほんの数冊ですが、その中から紹介します。ここでは、ビジネスとしての性愛や同性愛ではなく、日常の男女間の性愛を対象にします。人間に欠かせない楽しみですもんね。 ところで、今回は、英文を作れませんでした。私の英語力ではとても対応できない内容なので、英文作成に協力していただけるようでしたら、ぜひ、お声かけ下さい。 （ This article “Fun of   the eros （性愛） ” is written only in Japanese , because it is too difficult for me to write in English due to lack of vocabulary about eros. If you kindly help me, please let me know. ） 古代に書かれた出雲国の風土記には、忌部の温泉に老若男女が集まって市を作り「燕楽（ウタゲ）」をしたことが書かれています。また、常陸国の風土記には、筑波山でカガイがあり、春と秋に、飲食物を携えて山に登り、自由に情交を結んだことが書かれています（「宴と日本人」、伊藤幹治、 1984 ）。男女が楽しむのは、自然の成り行きですね。   江戸･明治の性愛の形 「売笑三千年史」（中山太郎 _1956 ）から、どんな形で性愛を楽しんでいたかを紹介します。この本は、神話の時代から明治時代までの売笑の歴史を書いた一級品の本だと思います。「売笑」は、「報酬を得るために多数の異性に対し、継続的に許す」ということだそうです。売笑の説明に入る前に、一般の人々の性愛活動について書かれています（第一章、第二節「婚姻の種々相と売笑の発生的関係」）。 「江戸・明治の性愛の形」（本項）は、主に、そこから紹介します。   【共同婚（乱婚）という習俗】 女性は特定の男性に独占されていませんでした。男性も、どの女性とでも OK でした。 天下の五奇祭のうち、洛北大原社の雑魚寝、近江筑摩社の鍋被り祭り、越中鵜坂社の尻たたき祭り...
Post a Comment
Read more

The Great Yoshiwara (published in 2018)　吉原はスゴイ

吉原はスゴイ‐江戸文化を育んだ魅惑の遊郭（堀口茉純、 2018 ） 人の楽しみの発見度： Excellent ★★★  This book is written about an authorized red-light district Yoshiwara which was in Edo (old name of Tokyo). There are many pictures in this book and you can understand all about Yoshiwara by this small book.  The author is a pretty actress who is devoted to Japanese history especially Edo city (https://hoollii.com/). She tries to depict the contribution of Yoshiwara to foster Edo culture. Yoshiwara by Kunisada,  新よし原尾州楼かり / 国貞 http://www.ndl.go.jp/landmarks/details/detail274.html?sights=shinyoshiwara;tokyo=taito 、国会図書館 この本は、ほぼすべてのページに浮世絵などの挿絵がある。 　前書きで、著者は遊女たちが過酷な労働環境で性的サービスを提供したというブラックな事実を踏まえつつも、江戸文化の形成に貢献したポジティブな側面を伝えたい、と記している。 　著者の堀口さんは、執筆時 35 歳の和服が似合う美しい方、 2008 年、江戸文化歴史検定 1 級に史上最年少の 25 歳で合格し「お江戸ル」と称している（ https://hoollii.com/ ）。遊郭・吉原の全てをコンパクトに纏めた良い本だ。 1.     What is Yoshiwara?  Yoshiwara was north of Edo city and surrounded by  rice fields. The  area was ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Life in Edo, old Tokyo (published in 1959) 江戸生活事典

Very good : ★★★  (this is a long and interesting page)   Various entertainments at Edo or old Tokyo in the  Edo period are written in this book. I found a lot of fun here. I focus on the fun of common people, so I put aside the fun of Daimyo loads , samurais and rich merchants in this book.   In terms of people’s fun, Edo was the paradise definitely. There were a lot of funs in day time and night time. Edo attracted people especially from the country side. I started from my favorite chapter. 　三田村鳶魚（えんぎょ）の著作を事典にしたもの。江戸の生活の様々な楽しみが書かれていて、発見が多い。ここでは庶民の楽しみにフォーカスし、大名、武士、大店の主の楽しみは拾わなかった。 　 人の楽しみの面からみると、まさに、江戸はパラダイス。昼も夜も出会いも、いろいろなものがあって、人を地方からも引き付ける。 気に入った章別にピックアップしていく。  Edo or old Tokyo was very busy city, 熈 代勝覧＠三越前 Chapter 7: Daily lives、 風俗概要 (1)   Seasonal recreation、遊楽  Seasonal recreations are written at first. On the New Year’s Day, people went out to see the sunrise. Also winter is a good season to see Mt.Fuji . ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Travel of Isabella L. Bird in 1878, part 1　イザベラバードが見た明治初期の日本（1）

Arrival and visiting Asakusa 日本着、そして浅草訪問   Isabella arrived at Yokohama, near Tokyo, in May of 1878.   She travelled northern Japan including Hokkaido and western Japan including Ise mainly by rickshaw , then she left Japan in December. This diary was written as letters to her younger sister.  She described in detail, so we can understand what happened clearly.  She was 46 when she came to Japan, and she hired Japanese lad as an interpreter. I admire her coura ge because she was the first lady foreigner to visit inland.  This book is stored up in many libraries and Manga version was issued.  She observed various things such as behaviors of Japanese people, plants and stratums meticulously and she elaborated on scenic beauty. I leave those matters to other authors, I would like to focus on the fun of old Japanese which she saw in Japan.   The photo of Isabella in 1896 from the exhibition “Voyage of Unbeaten Tracks in Japan” 、1 896 年の...
Post a Comment
Read more

Kaidou (Highway) and Shukuba (Post town) 街道と宿場

  “Kaidou” is translated as a highway or a walking route. There were no cars in the Edo period , and there were almost no cars in the Meiji period too, so pedestrians and horses moved on the highway mainly. “Kai” is a city or town, and “dou” is a road, so “kai-dou” means not only a highway but also towns where people touched and treated travelers from other area.  Unno post town on the kaidou, 北国街道・海野宿 Ohuchi post village, 会津西街道・大内宿 　Kaidous were constructed from the 7 th century. Kaidous were systems which supported transportation and logistics, and they were rest area for travelers. From the 17 th century, Tokugawa shogunate developed the network of the kaidous very well, so people could travel across Japan easily.   In the Japanese textbook for high school students, kaidous were explained as follows. - Tokugawa shogunate developed the kaidou system. They managed the five major kaidous directly; their starting points were Edo(Tokyo).   There...
Post a Comment
Read more