A hunter and his wife in Akiyama-go: village deep in mountains 2/5 (published in 1983&1992) 、 秋山郷に生きた猟師とその妻 (part 2)
Contents 目次
1.Lived in mountains and Brought up children 山で生きた、育てた (part 1 < Link)
秘境の里・秋山郷の暮らし (part 2、this article)
(2)Clothing、衣服
(3)Housing、住居
3.The way of life of Kametaro (husband)、夫・亀太郎の生きざま (part 3)
4.The way of life of Harue (wife)、妻・ハルエの生きざま
5.Fun of life in Akiyama-go、秋山郷で生きた楽しみ (part
4)
6.Looking Back on Life、半生を振り返る (part 5)
2.Life in Akiyama-go: an innermost mountain villages
秘境の里・秋山郷の暮らし
| Tourism poster of Akiyama-go、観光用ポスターには“秘境の里”と書かれている |
(1) Struggle to Secure Food
Harue’s family home owned a rice paddy
covering approximately 2,000 sqms. Given the rice varieties and fertilizers
used back then, this area was capable of yielding 300 kgs of rice. It
was enough to feed two people, but insufficient for a family of seven.
They ate a mixture of millet and a small
amount of rice. Harue recalls that food was scarce in her valley.
However, special occasions—New Year’s, Bon events and
local shrine festival—brought white rice to the table; expensive sea
fish could be also eaten.
When Harue’s elder sister-in-law died at
32, Harue took over the role of homemaker. The cause of death was
measles, brought in by someone who had returned from the city; the outbreak
claimed several lives in the area.
Preparing meals was a time-consuming task, requiring her to fetch water and build a fire. Harue rose at 4:30 a.m. to make ampo—stuffed dumpling filled with pickled greens. Breakfast consisted simply of ampo and tea, without soup. She cooked mixture of millet and rice in the morning and packed bento lunches, while supper was a zosui (porridge) made with millet, rice, vegetables and wild mountain greens.
During the day, there was childcare and
housework; after dinner, mending clothes. She
grinded millet for breakfast using a stone mill. If she managed to get to sleep
by 11:00 p.m., it was an early night—usually, it was midnight.
"Looking back, I wonder how our
bodies held up eating such bad taste food that lacked any real nutrition,"
she recalls.
In years when bad weather led to poor
harvests, food run out, leaving them with nothing but watery gruel. Yet, they had to keep working even when hungry.
When the harvest was plentiful, "I
thought, 'Ah, we’ll survive.' And I could see every family member putting on
weight that winter." It was truly a hand-to-mouth existence.
(2)Clothing
Their clothing consisted simply of a single-layered garment
in summer and a single padded cotton garment in winter; they wore no
undergarments. Harue wore underwear for the first time when she left for
Nagano City to work after she graduated from junior high school.
She said, they wore clothes worse than cleaning rags by
today's standards.
During the New Year and Bon, they
received clothes from their parents. However, the garments were made by
remaking second-hand items; they wore them throughout the year.
Her sister-in-law made Harue a padded cotton garment for every
New Year. She recalls: "On New Year's morning, I put on that newly
sewn padded garment, wore red tabi socks and new straw boots with
red trim, and went to the shrine. I remember feeling so happy and proud
as I walked along with hopping."
(3)Housing
The Kametaro' house, into which Harue
married, was small unlike her family’s one. The main room was a
six-straw-mat space without tatami mats, and the sleeping quarters were
upstairs. Its toilet was in an outbuilding, she disliked it.
Kametaro noted that tatami mats were a
luxury found only in a wealthy home. Some houses lacked even a raised floor;
thatch was strewn on an earthen floor; straw mats were set on it.
Life in Akiyama-go—a region notorious for
its heavy snowfall—was harsh.
| Akiyama-go in winter from the book、雪の秋山郷 |
(1)何とか確保した食べ物
ハルエの実家は2反(約20アール)の田圃をもっていた。当時の品種や肥料でも米300kg(2石)は収穫できる面積だ。家族は7人。1人で1石食べたので、米だけでは足らない。
粟に米を少し入れて食べた。朝はアンポ*、夜は雑炊、昼は飯。おかずは漬物か味噌。
*アンポは焼き餅で、おやきのように野菜を入れることもある。朝のアンポは、朝食を意味するチャナコとよぶ。
ハルエは、この沢では食べ物には苦しんだと語る。ただし、正月、盆、祭りは白いご飯。おかずに海の魚が上がることもある特別な日だった。
ハルエの兄嫁は32歳で死亡したので、ハルエが主婦の役割を担った。兄嫁の死因は、都会へ出た人が持ち込んだハシカ。沢では何人もの死者を出した。
食事の準備に大変な時間がかかる。水を汲み、火を起こして作るのだ。ハルエは4時半に起き、菜っ葉の漬物を入れてアンポを作った。朝食は汁なしで茶だけ。飯を炊き、弁当を持たせた。夜は、野菜や山菜を入れて雑炊にした。
昼間は子守と家事。夕食後は服の継ぎ当て。朝食用の稗2升を石臼で挽き、11時に寝られれば早い方。だいたい12時だった。
“昔は、よくあんな栄養のない、まずい物食べて体が続いたもんだと思うよ”と回想する。
天候が悪く収穫が少ない年は、食料がなくなり、薄い雑炊になった。腹が減っても仕事。
収穫が多いと、 “「ああ、これで生きのびられる」と思ったね。それでその冬は、みんな太ってきたのが分かったよ”。まさに、食うや食わずだった。
(2)衣服
着物は、夏は単衣、冬は綿入れを一枚着るだけ。下着はない。初めて下着をつけたのは、中学を卒業し長野市へ働きに出る時だった。山では、今なら雑巾にもならず、捨てるようのものまで着ていた。
盆や正月に、古着を買って仕立て直した服を親からもらい、その年はずっと身につけた。兄嫁は正月用に綿入れを作ってくれた。ハルエは、“元日の朝になって、新しく縫ってもらった綿入れ着て、赤い足袋はいてさ、赤い縁のついたスッポン(藁長靴)はいて、お宮参り行ったよ。とっても嬉しくて、威張って、チョンチョンと行ったの覚えてるよ。”と話す。
(3)住居
ハルエが嫁いだ亀太郎の家は、彼女の実家と違って、狭い。座敷は6畳ムシロ敷き、寝るのは2階。便所は外の小屋で、嫌だったと言う。亀太郎は、畳があるのは旦那様の家(豊かな家)ぐらいで、床がなくて土間に茅を置いてムシロを敷いた家もあったという。
豪雪地帯として有名な秋山郷で・・・、厳しい。
Previous post (Part 1 of this article): Lived in mountains and
Brought up children 山で生きた、育てた
Next post (Part
3 of this article): The way of life of Kametaro (husband) and Harue (wife)、亀太郎とハルエの生きざま
(coming soon)
Reference articles、参考記事 :
Akiyama-go
community hall (1/2)、秋山郷総合センター・とねんぼ(その1)
Akiyama-go
community hall (2/2)、秋山郷総合センター・とねんぼ(その2)
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