Published
in 1993 and 1994(book 2)、1993及び1994年（その２）出版
Editor : Board of Education in Ibaraki city、茨城市教育委員会人の楽しみの発見度：Excellent ★★★
People in Ibaraki city,
which is located between Kyoto and Osaka, wrote their customs. Many events such
as annual events and entertainment are written here. I extract customs regarding to the fun of people.
京都と大阪の間にある茨木市に住む人々が風習を綴る。年中行事から娯楽まで沢山の風習が書かれている。人々が楽しみにしている風習を抜き出した。
Contents
of this article 本記事の目次
１．Annual events 年中行事
２．Rite of passage 人生儀礼（通過儀礼）
３．Bond of villagers つながり・絆 →Part2でご紹介
１．Annual events、年中行事
* Some of the events I wrote below continue even now.以下に記載した行事の一部は今も続けられています。
January、一月
People renew everything by the New Year’s Day, then start the sacred and happy day. They draw water and make zouni soup, then offer it to the family shrine and the altar. They also see the first sunrise and pray. They pray to Sanpou-koujin at the furnace. Until the early 20th century, villagers gathered early in the morning and greeted one another. However, it is written “The custom seemed to change to the New Year's card gradually.” They visited acquaintances to greet. The New Year Party was held on the 5th of January which was a holiday.
It was the same custom as Yoshino family in eastern
Japan. They continued New Year greeting until early February. The relationship
of villagers was so strong.
元旦は、新しいものを揃えて、神聖で喜ばしい日を迎える。若水（年の最初に汲む水）を汲み、雑煮を神棚や仏壇に供え、日の出を拝む。へっつい（かまど）には三宝荒神さんを祀り拝む。早朝に村人が集まって新年の挨拶をしていたが、戦後は次第になくなって、「年賀状のみで片付けられているような気がする」とある。年始回りが続き、戦前は、5日に「新年宴会」と名付けた休日を設けて祝宴をした。
千葉県の吉野家の日記には、元旦は村人が集まって挨拶をすること、その後、２月上旬頃まで年始回りが続くことが書かれている。人々の結びつきが強い。
On the 2nd, they started to practice such as the calligraphy writing in the fresh mood. Farmers brought
zoni-soup or sake(alcohol) to the field and appreciated to the field.
On the 15th, “Dondo” was
held, in which the New Year ornaments and talismans were burned. Children
gathered them from villagers and got tips from people. They enjoyed baking mochi(rice cake)
and sweet potatoes together. The Dondo started at 4 am. All villagers
attended and got warm by the fire. It was said the fire made people young!
They chatted a lot, while bamboos exploded sometimes; it was a bustle party.
Around two hours later when the sun rose, they cleaned up the place and
employees went to their offices.
On the 16th, married daughters
and apprenticeship children returned to their home. Cousins (married
daughters’ children and children at home) slept in the same room. It is
written, “We have a good relationship after becoming adults, because we had
such a good experience when we were children.”
 |
Dondo-yaki(burning)、どんど焼き
さいばーちょっとさんによるphotoACからの写真
|
2日は、清々しい気分で書き初めなど芸の修練を始める。農家では、「田の礼」といって、田に残った株を掘り起こしたり、雑煮や御神酒を持って行って田に感謝する。
15日（小正月）は、新年の飾りや御札を焼く「大どんど」があった。子供たちが家々の飾りと藁を集めにまわり、ご祝儀をもらう。餅や薩摩芋も一緒に焼くのが楽しみであったという。当日は午前四時に村中総出で、「大どんど」を始める。火にあたると若返るといい、火に手をかざしていろんな話をする。組んだ青竹が破裂し、二時間ほどの間、てんやわんやの大饗宴になる。夜が白ける頃には、片付けて、勤め人は出勤して行った。
16日（藪入り）は、嫁や奉公人として出ている家族が実家に帰る。いとこ同士（嫁いだ娘の子供たちと実家の子たち）が枕を並べて寝る。「歳がいっても親しい付き合いができるのは、子どもの頃の、こうした関係があったからである」と記されている。年中行事や仏事に加えて子どもの数も減って、親戚付き合いも薄くなっていると思う。
April、四月
There was “Yama(mountain)-iki(going)”
event on the 18th. People brought lunch boxes and went to see
flowers. They sat down in a circle and enjoyed the party. The day was a local
holiday. They packed a kind of sushi “Hako(box)-sushi”, saba(chub mackerel fish)-sushi
and nishime(simmered food). They also enjoyed singing Japanese folk songs, so
it was also fun for children. The shakuhachi(bamboo clarinet) or
shamisen(guitar) performer went there.
 |
| Bentou lunch box |
 |
Japanese bamboo
clarinet and shamisen guitar
|
山行きという行事があった。弁当を作って花見に出かけ、車座になって宴会をする。4月18日と決まっており、休日だったという。山行きの弁当として、寿司飯の上に卵焼きや鯛でんぶなどを載せた押した箱ずしが用意された。発酵させた「ばってら」もあった。これは関西で出される寿司で、酢飯に鯖、その上に薄い昆布を載せた押し寿司で、酒のつまみとして私の好物だ。一方、重箱には煮しめなどが用意され、民謡などを歌ったりして、子ども達の楽しみであったという。また、尺八を吹く虚無僧が来たり、三味線を弾く法界屋（ほっかいや）が来たりした。
June、六月
It is the rice planting season; people
hurried planting because neighbors went and helped if the farmer family hadn't finished it yet. The village was one team. After the planting season,
they took a holiday called “Sanaburi”. No one farmed on that day. They made
dishes such as sushi, took a rest and had a joyful time.
After the planting, they fertilized.
Dried herring fishes were cut and put vertically in the field as a fertilizer. They
still had roes, so people took roes and ate as finger food for drinks. It was
an easygoing era.
 |
Rice planting by hands was the hardest
work
|
田植えが始まると、早く終えようと気が気でなかったらしい。「もし遅れると近所の人たちが手伝いに押しよせる。そうならないように、気はせくのである」とある。村の共同作業だ。そして、全ての家の田植えが終わると、植付休み「さなぶり」となり、その日は誰も田仕事をしない。家では、巻き寿司やばら寿司等を用意して労をねぎらい、楽しいひとときを過ごす。
田植え、草取りの後には、追肥として、3寸ぐらいに切ったくず鰊を田んぼに刺していったという。面白いのが、鰊の中には数の子が残っていて、酒の肴に出したそうだ。何とものどかな話だ。
July、七月
On the 14th, the summer festival of
Ibaraki Shrine is held. Many sat down on the bank of the river to watch the
parade of the portable shrine "o-mikoshi".
If there was a water shortage, people used to pump the water of reservoir ponds to the rice field. It was a joyful event.
People decided the execution day, then got carps, catfishes and eels from the bottom of the ponds. Adults
and children went into the mud ground; it was noisy and funny.
Some dug to get lotus roots which are vegetable for Japanese. However, the reservoirs were reclaimed and changed to housing land.
By the way, there is a popular TV show which remove water from the pond and check the bottom(https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/ikenomizu/). It was definitely an exciting event.
Some dug to get lotus roots which are vegetable for Japanese. However, the reservoirs were reclaimed and changed to housing land.
By the way, there is a popular TV show which remove water from the pond and check the bottom(https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/ikenomizu/). It was definitely an exciting event.
14日は、茨木神社の夏祭りで、太鼓と神輿が練り歩く。早朝から川の堤に人々が陣取り賑わっていた。
水不足の時は溜め池の水を水田に入れるが、これがイベントになっている。日を決めて村のみんなで鯉、鮒、鯰、鰻などを捕った。大人も子どもも泥だらけで、「わいわい騒ぎながらのおもしろい雑魚取り」だったそうだ。蓮根掘りをしていた人もいると言うが、宅地化などで池はなくなったらしい。“池の水ぜんぶ抜く大作戦”だ。
August、八月
There was “Sanitarian cleaning day" which was
announced by the city office. Each family in the town moved tatami mats to the sunny places and dried them. Policemen checked them in the afternoon and
attached certification stickers. Fleas and lice bothered us back then.
On the 24th, “Jizou-Bon”
festival is held by children. On the 23rd, they clean up in front
of Jizou statue, then decorate the place with lanterns and curtains. Sand,
which are brought from the river by a cart, are set on the ground. Hokora
(monument) and dolls are set above the sand. They guard it until late at
night. It would be a joyful time.
Next day, neighbors come and offer confectionaries and fruits. Children decorate them. They have lunch at the eldest child’s house together. Curry and rice have been popular as lunch since 1940’s. It is an unforgettable experience and the biggest event during summer holiday for children.
The square in front of Jizou statue is a play lot for children, and it was a sumo wrestling venue for lads in the past.
I have a same experience as this festival. If this event continues even now, I can say that the bond of the district is very strong.
Next day, neighbors come and offer confectionaries and fruits. Children decorate them. They have lunch at the eldest child’s house together. Curry and rice have been popular as lunch since 1940’s. It is an unforgettable experience and the biggest event during summer holiday for children.
The square in front of Jizou statue is a play lot for children, and it was a sumo wrestling venue for lads in the past.
I have a same experience as this festival. If this event continues even now, I can say that the bond of the district is very strong.
 |
| 「風習編その２」から |
土用の頃に「衛生掃除」の通達が役場からあった。畳を通りや日当たりの良いところに出して乾かすなど、町内一斉で大掃除をする。午後になると、巡査が来て検査をし、検査済みの証を貼ったという。昔は蚤や虱が多かった。
24日は地蔵盆、真砂地区の人が詳しく書いている。地蔵盆は子ども達だけで執り行う。前日に、地蔵堂前の30坪ほどの広場の掃除や飾り付け（提灯、幔幕）をして、川からリヤカーなどで持ってきた砂を盛り、祠や人形などを置く。そして、いたずらをされないように夜遅くまで夜警にあたる。きっと楽しい時間だ。
本祭の日は、近所の人たちがお供物を持ってお参りに来る。子ども達はそれを整える。この日は、年長の子ども宅で揃って昼食をいただく。昭和15年頃からはカレーが人気となった。子ども達の一生の思い出となり、夏休み中の最大のイベントである、と記されている。現在も盛大に行われていると記載されている。
地蔵堂前の広場は、子どもの遊び場であり、昔は青年団の相撲場でもあった。大阪育ちの私も同様の思い出がある。とにかく、地域の結びつきが強いのは良いことだ。
本祭の日は、近所の人たちがお供物を持ってお参りに来る。子ども達はそれを整える。この日は、年長の子ども宅で揃って昼食をいただく。昭和15年頃からはカレーが人気となった。子ども達の一生の思い出となり、夏休み中の最大のイベントである、と記されている。現在も盛大に行われていると記載されている。
地蔵堂前の広場は、子どもの遊び場であり、昔は青年団の相撲場でもあった。大阪育ちの私も同様の思い出がある。とにかく、地域の結びつきが強いのは良いことだ。
September、九月
We have a moon viewing festival this month. Children
enjoyed sticking and stealing rice dumplings which were offered to the moon. Children improved the sticking bar, although some family set a dumpling where they took
it easily. It was a joyful event for children.
 |
Offering dumpling to
the moon、月見飾り
|
月見の団子突きという行事が書かれている。十五夜の月が出ると、子どもが竿をもって、お供えしてある月見団子を突いて取るそうだ。突く道具の工夫もいるが、突き易いところに団子を出している家もあり、子どもたちの楽しい行事だったという。
October、十月
Mountains near Ibaraki are growing district of
Matsutake mushrooms. Japanese like them very much, so it was an
incredible picnic to harvest them. People laid straw mats and set portable
clay cooking stoves, which were party venues. They were satisfied with sukiyaki
hot pot of chicken and mushrooms. They had a lot of opportunities to mingle.
 |
Grilling Matsutake、焼き松茸（six-cubeさんによるACの写真）
|
茨木近郊の山では松茸が良く採れ、秋の松茸狩りは最高のレクリエーションだった。会社の行事にもなっていたようで、筵が敷き詰められて七輪が置かれ、宴会場となる。松茸とかしわのすき焼きで一日を満喫したという。ここにも、沢山の会話の機会がある。
November、十一月
“Inoko” event was held this month, in which
people appreciated the mountain god who brought rich harvest and returned to
the mountain in this month. Children made straw sticks and hit the ground.
They visited the houses where a baby was born or a bride came, and got sweet rice cakes or tips. It is written in the book 1 that they called to take precautions against fires.
They visited the houses where a baby was born or a bride came, and got sweet rice cakes or tips. It is written in the book 1 that they called to take precautions against fires.
亥ノ子の記載がある。旧暦10月の亥の日に行われ、山に帰る田の神に感謝した。子ども達が藁を束ね芯に棒を入れたもので地面にたたき、嫁入りや出産があった家を廻って、ぼた餅や1銭硬貨を1、2包んだ紙袋をもらう（風習編その２）。風習編１では、「火の用心」を呼びかけたとある。何れも、子どもの楽しい行事だ。亥の子突きの唄も記載されている。
December、十二月
On the 8th, Buddhist rites for used
needles is held. People prayed for being good with sewing at the same time. It
was a day for midinettes to promote friendship with each other.
8日に針供養がある。裁縫を休み、折れた針を供養して上達を願ったという。お針子たちが親睦を深める日であった。
２．Rite of passage 人生儀礼（通過儀礼）
（1）Celebration for children、子どものお祝い
A woman gave a birth at her home and gave colostrum
to her baby. She got out from a birthing room six days later. People name the
baby on the 7th day, and the grandmother from the mother's side brings
the baby to the local shrine one month later.
After one hundred days, the first eating rite is held.
On the first birthday, the baby carries mochi cake on back and relatives pray for the baby’s happiness and health.
On the first boys’/girls’ day, the parents of the mother send dolls and so on.
“Jusan(thirteen year old) mairi(visiting shrine)” is held when they are thirteen and family wish that children become smart. Most of the customs are practiced even until now, and those are good events to strengthen the bond.
After one hundred days, the first eating rite is held.
On the first birthday, the baby carries mochi cake on back and relatives pray for the baby’s happiness and health.
On the first boys’/girls’ day, the parents of the mother send dolls and so on.
“Jusan(thirteen year old) mairi(visiting shrine)” is held when they are thirteen and family wish that children become smart. Most of the customs are practiced even until now, and those are good events to strengthen the bond.
 |
Doll for
the boys’ day、武者人形
|
出産は、里に帰って行い、初乳は必ず新生児に飲ませた。六日立ち、といことで産婦はこの日が来て初めて産室から出た。七日目には名付けのお七夜、一ヶ月で宮参り。75日後には、産婦は身体も生活も元通りになったとして氏神に参る。100目はお食い初め、初誕生日では、一升餅を背負わせる。初節句は、里親から人形などを送り祝う。十三歳になると、賢い子になるようにと十三参りをする。これらの行事は、今とほぼ同じであり、親戚付き合いを深めるのに役立っている。
（２）Rite of passage of young people、若者の人生儀礼
Seinen(young men)-kai(association):
Until the early twentieth century, all lads joined Seinen-kai in the village after graduation of the elementary school. In the case of Mizosaku village which population was 180, the number of Seinen-kai members was 30 and the head was 25 years old. The senior members discipled junior members regarding the attitude to the senior, greeting and so on.
It was very enjoyable when spring and autumn festivals were held. Welcome and farewell parties, post festival parties and a New Year party were also held. Members brought almost all food ingredient for the party such as home-grown chicken and vegetables by turn, so they bought only liquor. They drank until sunrise cheerfully.
Until the early twentieth century, all lads joined Seinen-kai in the village after graduation of the elementary school. In the case of Mizosaku village which population was 180, the number of Seinen-kai members was 30 and the head was 25 years old. The senior members discipled junior members regarding the attitude to the senior, greeting and so on.
It was very enjoyable when spring and autumn festivals were held. Welcome and farewell parties, post festival parties and a New Year party were also held. Members brought almost all food ingredient for the party such as home-grown chicken and vegetables by turn, so they bought only liquor. They drank until sunrise cheerfully.
Wedding ceremony:
There were no wedding halls back then, so it was held at home. Sliding doors were removed for neighbors to see the ceremony from outside. Men and women of any age including small children surged to the house. It was said the more the better. By the way, honeymoon was a just two-day trip or nothing at all.
 |
Traditional and open-air Japanese house
茨城県古河市繍水草（しゅうすいそう）堂
|
戦前は、小学校を卒業すると必ず村の青年会に入会した。人口約180人の溝咋（みぞくい）村で、会員は約三十名であり、頭は25歳であった。年長者に対する礼儀や挨拶をやかましく言われた。特に楽しいのは、春秋の祭礼であった。入退会者の歓送迎会、祭の慰労会、新年会では、順番に、鶏や野菜を持ってきて楽しく飲み明かした。買うのは酒ぐらいで、後は自分の家で作った物だ。
式場がなかった頃は、結婚式を自宅で行い、建具を外して、近所の人々に見てもらうのが習わしであった。老若男女、幼い子どもまで押し合って見に来た。来る人が多いほど、縁起が良いと言われた。新婚旅行は、行ってもせいぜい一泊だったという。
PART２へ：My home town, Ibaraki -Customs- (Part2) わがまち茨木 -風習編- その２
Revised on 31st of August, 2020
Previous
post (Museum in Ibaraki、茨木市の博物館):
Next
post (Second half of these books、本書の後半部分):
Comments
Post a Comment