Great fire in Edo / divorce, remarriage, and bereavement of acquaintances (March and April, 1806)、江戸の大火、離婚・再婚・死別(文化3年3・4月)
千葉県流山市にいた名主の日記から、その頃の楽しみを拾い出した記事です(日本語は後半)。
| Great Fire in 1855、安政2年江戸大地震火事場の図 https://lab.ndl.go.jp/dl/book/1302061?page=1 |
March
Records on the diary indicate that a fire broke out in Edo
(old name of Tokyo) around 10 a.m. on the 4th, escalating
into a massive conflagration that burned until dawn the following day.
Japanese houses made of wood and paper, were unfortunately burnable.
Hyōemon, who wrote this diary, received the news on the same
day.
This blaze is known as the "Great Fire of the Bunka Era"; it was one of the three major fires in the Edo period. It originated in Shiba and spread northeast to the Kanda and Asakusa districts. The death toll reportedly exceeded 1,200, and 126,000 houses were destroyed. The Shogunate (Bakufu) erected relief shelters and provided meals to the victims.
7th, Hyōemon went to Edo. He found that the
price of straw sandals had skyrocketed to 64 mon (approximately 1,300 yen).
After confirming the safety of acquaintances such as Hyōzō of
Kanda and a samurai
named Hamanaka, he visited the Fukagawa district to worship at a special
public viewing of the Naritasan temple's sacred image before returning home.
I want to ask, "Was the visit to the sacred image actually your primary objective?"
小林幾英「深川公園地成田山開帳御着図」(江戸東京博物館所蔵)の一部 出典: Tokyo Museum Collection (https://museumcollection.tokyo/works/6248061/)Special public viewing of the Naritasan temple's sacred image in 1885
19th, Hyōemon's son Fusajiro went fishing with
Magoichi at the nearby Kode Bridge and was apprehended by officials.
Hyōemon went to the Nishishinden office and retrieved Fusajiro,
though their fishing gear was confiscated. The boy from Omoi Village was not
pardoned, but was released the following day.
Nishishinden office was for the Mito han's falconry
grounds; fishing was likely prohibited there because fishes were feed
for hawks.
*In the diary, the fishing gear is referred to as
"implements for taking life," and Fusajiro and the others claimed
they had merely picked up the gear.
| The current Kode Bridge; large crucian carps swim、鮒が泳ぐ今の幸田川 |
22nd, Nishi-Mata (Matabei of Nishihirai Village, a village headman) visited Hyōemon to report that young men in the village had caused a disturbance regarding the issue of holidays.
This area had many holidays (such as the consecutive days off
following the "Young Men's Himachi (waiting-sun event) in January). It
seems the young men held considerable power.
25th, a marriage proposal arrived from one of
Hyōemon's relatives for Okume (the daughter of Shiba-Kyu). She had divorced
just the previous month.
The match was settled, and the wedding took place on the 17th
of the following month.
That was a quick remarriage.
26th, Hyōemon traveled to Edo. His business was to
offer congratulations to a lord's lady who had recently married.
He stayed at the Mr. Kawamura’s (samurai) residence.
The next day, he dressed in hakama (formal trousers), and
paid his respects to the lady.
She was likely the second wife of the lord; the previous wife
had passed away in last November due to disease following childbirth.
It was also a swift remarriage.
Hyōemon visited the Naritasan temple in Fukagawa to pray
for the full recovery of Shiba-Jo's wife, staying overnight at an inn. The
next morning, he attended the sunrise goma fire ritual.
Then, he went to the Daimaru.
He bought a mosquito net and entrusted it to an acquaintance in
Kanda, along with a kosode (kimono).
He stayed in Hibiya that night, and the following day, he
collected ten ryō (approximately one million yen) from Mr. Hamanaka
(samurai) before returning home.
Even when in Edo, he was kept busy.
Sadly, Shiba-Jo's wife passed away in May.
April
4th, Hyōemon was invited to Shiba-Nishi and treated
to a meal of carp.
7th, he went to Hongaku-ji Temple in Nishihirai
regarding the matter of Nishi-Mata.
It appeared that Nishimata had gone to Edo and not returned.
12th, he discussed with Nishi-Mata at Hongaku-ji.
There was talk urging Nishi-Mata to divorce his wife, apply
himself to farming, and apologize to his parents; the details remain
unclear.
Through December, Hyōemon held repeated consultations regarding
the Nishi-Mata affair with the man himself, Hongaku-ji Temple, and Izaemon of
Yokosuka.
27th, rice planting began. The busy farming season
was now underway!
| Naritasan temple at Fukagawa (Fukagawa Fudou ) |
https://www.fukagawafudou.gr.jp/free13/index.html
3月
4日、朝10時頃、江戸で出火。翌日の夜明けまで燃える大火になったと記載。
この日記を書いた兵右衛門には、その日のうちに情報が届いていた。
この火事は、「明暦」「明和」とならぶ江戸三大大火「文化の大火」。芝で発生し、北東に位置する神田・浅草まで広がった。死者は1200人を超え、焼失家屋は126,000戸といわれている。幕府はお救い小屋を建て、食事を提供した。(東京都教育委員会)
兵右衛門は、7日に出府。わらじ一足が64文(1300円ほど)に高騰していた。
神田の兵蔵や濱中様などの無事を確認し、深川で成田山のご開帳に参拝し帰宅。
御開帳が本来の目的?、とツッコミたくなる。
19日、房次郎が孫市と近くの幸田橋に釣りに行き、役人に捕まった。
兵右衛門は、西新田御役所(根木内)へ行き、房次郎を引き取ったが、釣り具は没収。思井村の子は許されず、翌日に解放された。
西新田にあったのは御鷹場役所。おそらく、水戸藩の御鷹場として魚を獲ることが禁じられていたのだろう。
生類憐れみの令で釣りは禁止になったが、その後は許さた。ただし、“御三家の水戸藩主には特に「恩賜鷹場」が認められ、小金町(松戸市)に専用の宿泊施設=水戸御殿や鷹場役所が置かれていた。鷹場であるがゆえに、鷹の餌になる江戸川の小魚漁は禁止されていた” とのこと(館長講演会報告:「鷹と人の江戸時代」渡辺尚志館長、2026年)。釣り具は日記に ”殺生道具” と記載され、房次郎らは、釣り具は拾ったと言った。
| 松戸市にある「水戸家御鷹場役所跡」の標柱 |
22日、西又(西平井の又兵衛、名主)が来て、村で若者達が休日の件で騒動を起こしたと報告。
この地域の休日は多い(1月の若者日待後の連休など)。休日は村の話し合いで決める。若者の発言力が強かったのだろう。
25日、先月離婚したばかりの芝久の娘おくめに、兵右衛門の親戚から縁談が来た。おくめの縁談は纏まり、翌月17日に結婚。再婚が早いなあ。
26日、出府。用件は、婚礼を済まされた奥方様への挨拶だ。川村様方に泊まり、翌27日は袴を着て、奥方様にお目見え。
昨年11月に産後の肥立ちが悪くて亡くなられた奥方様の後妻だろう。再婚が早い。
兵右衛門は、深川の成田山へ行き、芝常の妻の全快を祈願。旅宿所に泊まった。
翌朝、日の出の護摩を済ませ、大丸へ行き蚊帳を買い、小袖と共に神田に預けた。この日は日比谷に泊まった。
翌日、濱中様から10両回収して帰宅。江戸に居ても忙しい。
なお、芝常の妻は、残念ながら5月に亡くなった。
4月
4日、芝西に鯉でお呼ばれ。
7日、西又の件で、西平井の本覚寺へ行く。
西又は、江戸へ行って帰らぬ模様。12日に、西又と本覚寺で話し合った。西又に対し、妻との離縁、農業に精を出し親にも詫びよとの話が出ているが、詳細は分からない。
12月まで、西又の件で、本人や本覚寺、横須賀の伊左衛門らと再々打合せる。
27日、田植始め。さあ、農繁期だ!
Previous post (Peaceful days and fun of a village head in 19th
century, part 18(千葉県流山の名主日記)): New Year's greetings and
newlywed daughter who wanted to go back to her parents' home (January and
February, 1806)、年始挨拶、実家に戻りたがる結婚したての娘(文化3年1、2月)
Next post (Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century,
part 20(千葉県流山の名主日記): Battle among lads over the shrine's drum after rice planting
(May and Jun, 1806)、田植え後、鎮守の太鼓をめぐる若者たちの争い(文化3年5、6月)(coming
soon)
The first article in this series (from 1802 to 1848)、シリーズ(1802年から1848年)最初の記事 : Peaceful days and funs of a village
head in 19th century, part 1(千葉県流山の名主日記)
The first article of the diary from 1849 to 1864, fifty-three
articles in total、1849年から1864年の日記(53記事)の最初の記事: Yoshino’s daily life 01, About Yoshino
and background 吉野家とその頃
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