In
March, the samurai group "Teng-tou" raised an army in Tsukuba which is just 50km north
of Yoshino’s village. The number of soldiers increased to 1,000. The shogunate ordered
daimyos to subdue the rebel. The shogunate also dispatched the army to
Choushu-han which was in Yamaguchi prefecture, western Japan. The internal
war started.
Villagers
were required to carry luggage (Sukegou*) and to bear the war
expenditures. I focus on Sukegou of that year because they
were required 43 times; it was only 8 times two years ago. Btw, the diary,
which is issued as the part of “History of Nagareyama City”, ends in that year.
*Sukegou: It was the system
for keeping the traffic and logistics of kaidou
(highway). In the case of shortage of carriers and horses of the post town,
neighboring villages (Sukegou) dispatched workers and horses. “Suke” means helping
or supporting, “gou” means villages. Yoshino’s village was designated “Sukegou”
of Kogane post town on Mito-kaidou.
3月、尊皇攘夷派の水戸藩士の天狗党が筑波で挙兵、郷士などが加わり、その数は約1000人になります。村からは50kmほどの距離です。幕府は討伐に向かいます。また、幕府は、8月に長州征伐を実施。戦乱の時代に入りました。村人達もあおりを受け、通行の手伝いに駆り出されただけでなく、度々、御用金を要求されました。この年、43回も要請された助郷に注目します。なお、この年は流山市史に掲載されている吉野家日記の最後の年です。
January、1月
Although
there was a fire near their village on the New Year’s Day, it was a peaceful
beginning of the year. Villagers did annual events, enjoyed rabbit hunting,
and married daughter returned to the home temporarily. Sukegou was just one
time; he dispatched four villagers as carriers, and a horse with a driver
(villager).
Village outside Yokohama, Japan (1890-1930)、横浜郊外の農村https://www.loc.gov/item/2001705668/
元旦に近村で火事がありましたが、平和な年の初めでした。鎮守奉謝など例年の行事、兎捕り、嫁いだ娘（おかつ）の里帰りなどが続きました。助郷は一度で、人足として村人四人、そして馬を一匹（馬には馬子が付きます）出しました。
February、2月
On
the 18th, Yoshino held the 33rd and the 51st anniversary of his ancestors’ deaths. He made mochi
cakes and brought them to the guests on the 16th. On the 17th,
he bought sake (alcohol), tofu, fried tofu and so on. He invited guests in the
evening for chanting, meals and drinks. On the 18th, relatives and
villagers were invited and the magnificent memorial service was held. I
understand him, because he owed his wealthy life to his ancestors who left
field and residence to him.
Btw,
there were no Sukegou in that month and the next month. Just a meeting about
Sukegou was held.
Ornamented altar of the 50th anniversary of the passing in Niigata、佐渡の五十回忌棚飾り＠National Museum of Japanese
History(3/3)、国立歴史民俗博物館 (3/3)
18日、先祖の33回忌法要と、51回忌法要を行いました。16日に、餅をついて配り、親戚などを追善供養に招待しました。17日は、酒、油揚げ、豆腐などを取り寄せ、夜に光明真言修行を行い、酒食を振る舞いました。18日は親戚や村人を呼んで盛大に法要を行いました。先祖の田畑･屋敷のお陰で名主の暮らしがあります。手厚い供養だと思います。。
この月は、助郷の人出しはなく、打合せのみでした。3月も人出しはありませんでした。
April、4月
On
the 28th, they started rice planting which was the hardest
agricultural work. Unlike the last year, there was no Sukegou request.
28日に田植始め、5月8日に終わりました。昨年と違って、忙しい時期の助郷はありませんでした。
Jun、6月
On
the 7th, Yoshino went to Nikko together with Chozou in
Yokosuka village. He returned on the 15th. It was not a pilgrimage,
because he didn’t deliver talismans after the trip.
On
the 9th, Yoshino’s mother was invited to “Sushi” from Otojirou. I
think this was the first time the word “Sushi” which is the most famous Japanese
food is written on the diary. Sushi is made of fish and vinegared rice,
however, I don’t know what kind of Sushi they enjoyed.
On
the 17th, Zenzou came and said that Chouzou would go to Edo (old
name of Tokyo) because the lord who lived in Edo asked money frequently.
I'm sure it was a negotiation.
Sukegou
were required two time in the late Jun. Yoshino dispatched ten farmers in
total.
Nikko Toshogu shrine is dedicated to the founder
of the shogunate “Ieyasu Tokugawa”、日光東照宮 ＠Nikko museum and Nikko
Toshogu 日光市歴史民俗資料館と東照宮
7日、主は横須賀の長蔵さんと日光へ出発しました。15日に帰村しましたが、参詣ではないようです。出発日も帰着日も休日ではなく、御札も配っていません。
9日、母が、乙次郎さんから「すし」に招かれました。初めて「すし」が出てきたと思います。どんなタイプの寿司を楽しんでいたのでしょうか。
17日、平賀の善蔵さんが来ました。御屋敷から度々、「御臨時金」の要請があるので、横須賀の長蔵さんと出府するとのこと。ジャブを出しに行くようです。
この月は、下旬に助郷が2回あり、延べ10人を出しました。
July、7月
On the 1st, villagers gathered at Yoshino’s residence and
stood up a tall lantern. It is a custom of the first Bon (welcome the ancestor’s sprit) after
the death. The tall lantern was a beacon for his father’s sprit to return the
house; his father passed away last August.
On the 14th, Sukegou was requested, although it was
during Bon season (from 13th to 16th). Yoshino
dispatched five carriers and a horse with a driver. There were five Sukegou
requests in July. Shigezou, Jisaburou and other six villagers did almost all of
the duty.
1日、高燈籠を建てに村中の人が来てくれました。初盆の亡父に家の場所を知らせるものです。
14日、盆中にも助郷がありました。人足五人と馬一匹を出しました。この月の助郷は5回。頻繁になってきました。繁蔵さんや次三郎さんら8人でほぼほぼ対応しています。
August、8月
Nevertheless
rice harvesting started, there were seven Sukegou. On the 21st, a
special horse capturing was held and Yoshino dispatched workers. It was shortage
of war-horses.
稲刈りが始まっていますが、助郷が7回もありました。21日は、臨時の野馬捕りがあり人足を出しました。馬も足りないのですね。
September、9月
On
the 3rd, Shigezou went to Edo. It seemed to be a negotiation in
order to reduce rice-tax. He succeeded to reduce 1.4 tons of rice tax on
the 7th. Good job! He offered tree bu ($340) to the person in
charge, and offered two ryo ($900) to the lord.
There were four requests of Sukegou, and
they hired workers three times. It was harvesting and festival season,
so they didn’t have time, I guess. On the 30th, they finished
harvesting.
3日、繁蔵さんが出府しました。年貢の減額交渉だったようです。7日、米23俵（1.4ｔ）の御用捨を認めてもらいましたが、御用役に金三分と御屋敷に2両出すことになりました。
助郷要請は4回ありましたが、そのうち3回は人足を雇っています。祭りが多い月だし、稲刈り中なので人を出せなかったのかも知れません。30日に、稲刈りと揚げ仕舞いでした。
Yoshino’s
daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃
Yoshino’s
daily life 02, Life and fun of Yoshino family 吉野家の暮らしと楽しみ
The details of their live which includes
farming and visiting neighbors are written in No.13 - No.25 (1851)、農事や近所付き合いを含む日々の詳細は1851年の日記の記事（No.13～25）に記載しています。
Yoshino’s
daily life 13, The first half of January in 1851（嘉永4年1月前半）
Previous post: Yoshino’s
daily life 51（Jul. to Dec. in 1863、文久3年7～12月）
Next post (Last
article of the Yoshino’s diary、吉野家の日記の最後の記事です):
Yoshino’s daily life 53（Oct. to Dec. in 1864、文久4年10～12月）
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