October、10月
In
March, the samurai group “Tengu-tou” raised an army in Tsukuba which is just
50km north of Yoshino’s village. Around a thousand of soldiers joined. The shogunate dispatched
daimyos’
troops in order to subdue the rebel. They returned, and it increased the
requests of Sukegou* works. Yoshino dispatched villagers seven times
in that month. Btw, the rebel was not defeated; they forwarded to Kyoto.
*Sukegou: It was the system
for keeping the traffic and logistics of kaidou
(highway). In the case of shortage of carriers and horses of the post town,
neighboring villages (Sukegou) dispatched workers and horses. “Suke” means helping
or supporting, “gou” means villages. Yoshino’s village was designated “Sukegou”
of Kogane post town on Mito-kaidou.
On
the 5th, Yoshino got a circular saying Mizoguchi, who was a
powerful daimyo in Niigata, would pass Kogane post town. He dispatched five
farmers and hired two horses to help the traffic on the next day. AND, his
wife and children went to Kogane to see the march. However, the troop didn’t
come, so they went to Kogane again on the 10th. It was an attractive
event for people.
Procession of a powerful daimyo、紀州藩の大名行列
@Hirakata-shuku Kagiya Museum 枚方宿鍵屋資料館
三月に蜂起した天狗党の追討軍が戻ってくるので、助郷は7回に増えました。水戸藩浪士の天狗党は、負けた訳ではなく、中山道を京都に向かいました。
5日、溝口主膳正様（新発田藩主10万石）が通行するという触れが来て、翌日、人足五人を出し、馬二疋を雇いました。妻子は宿場がある小金町へ「ご通行見物」に行きましたが、予定変更で行列は通らず。8日、改めて小金町へ行ってます。何でもイベントとして楽しんでいますね。
On the
21st, engineers came to Yoshino’s village in order to take samples
of soil; they investigated niter which was material of ammunitions. The war made people work a lot.
From
the 23rd to the 25th, Yoshino dispatched farmers as prison
guards. Kanzaemon worked as a guard until the morning of the 24th. Then,
he went to Kogane in the evening as a carrier. He should be exhausted.
Tamaya was an inn in Kogane post town、旧小金宿の旅籠･玉屋
21日、弾薬の原料である硝石土を取る職人が来ました。サンプルを持って行ったようです。戦争があると、仕事が激増します。
23日から三日間、囚人の番人として人足を出しました。夜の番もあります。24日は助郷も入り、勘左衛門さんは24日の朝まで番人をした後、夕方に人足として小金町へ行きました。へとへとになりますね。
November、11月
On the 5th, Yoshino received a circular saying Tanuma,
who the general of the shogunate army, would return from the 7th to
the 10th in a stream. He dispatched Kanzaemon to Abiko which was the
next post town of Kogane. However, the schedule changed a lot. It messed up
farmers’ schedules.
Actually, there were seven Sukegou works in November. On the 6th,
farmers had a meeting against it. Moreover, on the 19th, he
dispatched farmers to repair the road which was an ordinary public work in the
agricultural off-season.
5日、「田沼玄蕃頭様御帰陣」との回状が来ました。天狗党鎮圧の幕府軍総督です。7～10日まで追々御帰陣、ということで、10kmほど離れた我孫子宿へ勘左衛門さんらを人足として出しました。でも、これも変更が続きました。振り回されますね。
この月の助郷の人出しは7回でした。6日に、「昼より、伝馬勤め方の儀に付き、小前の者共寄合」とあり不満も出されていたのでしょう。19日は、村の道の補修で人足を出しました。農閑期に入るとよくある作業です。
On the
19th, he wrote that villagers gathered to drink sake (alcohol) which
was offered to the god because their lord was promoted. It’s good news for them,
but the bad news was that the lord required money.
Although
it was a difficult time, he received gifts such as a padded garment on the
13th and the 14th. There was a celebration of Naozou
who was probably nine. On the 28th, they visited the village
shrine. It was also a season to celebrate the growth of children; A.K.A shichi(seven
year old)-go(five)-san(three). On the 14th, Yoshino’s mother went to
Komakishinden to celebrate someone. It was a time to rejoice!
14日、殿様が、「御書入御番入、仰せ付けられ候に付き、夕、村方が集まり、神酒を戴く」とあります。領主に役が付いたのですね。嬉しいことなのですが、領主からは御用金の要請がありました。
つらい日々ですが、13日、14日に直造君へのお祝いに綿入れなどが届けられました。直造君は数え9歳のはず。何のお祝いか分かりません。28日には、鎮守と氏神に参詣したと書かれています。七五三時期なので、14日、母は、駒木新田へ祝いに出かけました。これらは心から喜べるひとときですね。
December、12月
On the
1st, they were required Sukegou works. Surprisingly, there were ten
Sukegou requests in December. Yoshino hired workers and horses four times
instead of dispatching farmers; it was busy year-end. However, it was costly to
hire. He wrote that □□(someone) drank and came to say very rude things
in the evening. This was the first time that a drunkard villager stormed
into the village head’s house. Villagers accumulated complaints more and
more, I’m sure.
1日、「水戸表、浮浪追討、御用済み御帰陣」などとあり、早速、助郷の要請です。この月は、なんと10回の要請。でも、さすがに年末、4回は人足や馬を雇って対応しました（雇い替え）。金のかかる話です。「夜、□□郎、酒狂にて来、甚だ不埒の儀、之を申す」とあります。酔って怒鳴り込んでくるということは、今までなく、村人の不満も溜まっているようです。
On the
4th, they paid all tax and had an overnight party as they did
every year. On the 10th, Yoshino invited Jirouemon family and others
including children for soba noodle and sake. They still had a leeway to enjoy a
party.
On the
14th, Yoshino received a circular from the lord; he required 30
ryo ($14,000) in total until the 16th, because the lord would accompany
with a VIP and went to a shrine or a temple. Moreover, on the 24th, the
lord asked 7.25 ryo ($3,300) as the New Year expenditure. He lacked of
funds.
They
prepared for the New Year’s Day: making mochi cakes on the 27th, decorating
entrance and family shrines; those are Japanese custom to welcome the new year
god (toshi-gami-sama). Even in the year end, Sukegou work was requested.
Kanzaemon and two other villagers went to work as carriers on the 29th.
Kanzaemon worked as a carrier six times in December.
4日、御年貢皆済、夜、日待。例年より遅れましたが、良かったです。10日、次郎右衛門夫婦、繁蔵、半左衛門の妻、林吉の母と子供を呼んで、「蕎麦酒振る舞い」とあります。まだ、楽しめる余裕があります。
14日、御用金請求の回状です。殿様が、17日に仙葉山（どこか不明）への参詣の御供をするので支度金30両を知行の村々にて用意し、16日までに持って来てくれとのこと。更に、24日には、正月分の御入用金7両1分の督促がありました。御屋敷は金欠です。
27日餅つき、28日松飾り、正月を迎えます。でも、その前の29日に助郷の要請があり、勘左衛門さんら3人が人足としてでました。勘左衛門さんは、この月、六回目の勤めでした。
Yoshino was requested to supply workers and money a lot in 1864. It was a rough year.
It
was a time that nobody could foresee the future. The unstable society exhausted
people. Nevertheless, people never gave up and lived.
Yoshino’s
diary which is written in “Nagareyama City History” ends in 1864, however, Yoshino
family lives in Nagareyama even now.
人出し金出しの要求が山のようにあり、大変な年でした。また、この先どうなるのか分かりません。世の争乱は、人々を疲弊させます。でも、何とか壊れてしまうことなく生きているのが、庶民なのですね。
「流山市史」（千葉県）の近世資料編に記載されている吉野家の日記はここまでですが、吉野家は今も流山市にありご健在です。
Field near ex-Yoshino’s village、流山市芝崎
Articles
of “Yoshino’s daily life“ described their enjoyments from 1849 to 1864. In “Oshishigari
(deer hunting)” was held to show the majesty of the shogunate. Yoshino’s family
diary from 1802 to 1864 is already published. I’m going to upload articles of
their lives before 1848. I’ll change the title to “Fun of the village head of
Nagareyama in the Edo period”.
「Yoshino’s daily life」では幕府の威光を示す「お鹿狩」があった1849年から16年間の日記の中から、彼らの楽しみを追ってきました。吉野家の日記は、1802年分から出版されていますので、1802年から1848年分までを、今後、記事にしていきます。タイトルは、「千葉県流山市の名主の楽しみ」にする予定です。
The number of Sukegou works、助郷回数のまとめ
（In 1864, the number written in parentheses
is the one which Yoshino hired workers and/or horses instead of dispatching villagers,
1864年の（ ）内は雇替の内数）
|
|
1862 Sukegou |
1863 Sukegou |
1864 |
||
|
Sukegou |
workers |
horses |
|||
|
Jan. |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
|
Feb. |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mar. |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Apr. |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
May |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Jun |
0 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
0 |
|
Jul. |
0 |
2 |
5 |
20 |
3 |
|
Aug. |
0 |
4 |
7(1) |
35(3) |
3 |
|
Intercalary Aug. |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Sep. |
0 |
1 |
4(3) |
10(7) |
0 |
|
Oct. |
0 |
1 |
7(1) |
25 |
5(2) |
|
Nov. |
1 |
1 |
7 |
23 |
4 |
|
Dec. |
0 |
0 |
10(4) |
3(12) |
6(3) |
|
Total |
8 |
19 |
43(9) |
159(22) |
21(3) |
＊The number of workers includes the hired ones, but the drivers of
horses are not included. The number of horses means a horse plus a driver.
人足数には、雇った人足を含むが馬子は含まない（馬一匹に、馬子が一人）。
https://www.loc.gov/item/2020637910/
Yoshino’s
daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃
Yoshino’s
daily life 02, Life and fun of Yoshino family 吉野家の暮らしと楽しみ
The details of their live which includes
farming and visiting neighbors are written in No.13 - No.25 (1851)、農事や近所付き合いを含む日々の詳細は1851年の日記の記事（No.13～25）に記載しています。
Yoshino’s
daily life 13, The first half of January in 1851（嘉永4年1月前半）
Previous post: Yoshino’s
daily life 52（Jan, to Sep. in 1864、文久4年1～9月）
Next post (Museum
in the neighboring city of Yoshino’s house、吉野家がある流山市の隣の柏市の資料館): Kashiwa City Local Historical Artifacts Room、柏市郷土資料展示室
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