Political situation was unrest. Choushu-han (Yamaguchi prefecture) bombed foreign ships at Shimonoseki strait, western Japan. On the other hand, British fleet attacked Satuma-han (Kagoshima prefecture, western Japan). It increased villagers’ burden which were Sukegou* and lord’s requests for money. Even though, villagers continued festivals and kou (religious group) meetings, however I couldn’t feel peaceful atmosphere as it used to be.
*Sukegou: It was the system
for keeping the traffic and logistics of kaidou
(highway). In the case of shortage of carriers and horses of the post town,
neighboring villages (Sukegou) dispatched workers and horses. “Suke” means
helping or supporting, “gou” means villages. Yoshino’s village was designated “Sukegou”
of Kogane post town on Mito-kaidou.
5月に長州藩が下関で外国船を砲撃し、攘夷が行われました。7月は昨年の生麦事件の報復で薩英戦争が起こりました。世の中の乱れは、助郷の増加、御屋敷からの資金要求の形で、吉野家にも影響しました。村人達は祭りや講を続けていますが、かつてのような、のどかな感じがしません。
January、1月
The year started as usual. Yoshino went to the local shrine and temple
to pray.
On
the 8th, there was a meeting about Sukegou. The allowance
of that year was announced “400-mon ($20) for a carrier and 600-mon for a horse
with a driver”. It had been “314-mon and 524-mon” the year before.
On
the 20th, they were required Sukegou but they didn’t dispatch a
carrier nor a horse. They hired a carrier for 500-mon and a horse for 700-mon
instead, so they lost 200-mon ($10) in total. The 20th was Sannou
festival day of their village.
Horse and driver at a post town @Kusatsu Inn Highroads Community Square 草津宿街道交流館
年の初めは、例年通り、鎮守と長福寺への参詣です。
8日、助郷の会合に次三郎さんが行きました。「人足400文、馬600文の積リ」と去年の「人足314文、馬524文」から値が上がりました。20日に助郷の要請があったのですが、人足一人を500文、馬一匹を700文で雇い、合計200文（1000円相当）の赤字になりました。「雇い替え（代勤）」です。この日は山王奉謝の日でした。
March、3月
On
the 15th, Yoshino and the villagers discussed Sukegou; the theme
isn’t written. In that month, they were requested Sukegou three times until
the 14th, and twelve carriers and seven horses with drivers went to
work. Agricultural work had already started.
15日、助郷の件で、村人と話し合いをしました。内容は分からないのですが、この月は14日までに3回の要請があって、延べ12人、7匹が出ています。農作業はすでに始まっています。
On
the 16th, Yoshino received a circular saying that their lord’s
wife and children would evacuate to Yokosuka village which was near
Yoshino’s village, because foreign warships appaired. Their luggage (Nagamotchi
cases and chests of drawers) arrived on the 24th and the 26th;
Yoshino kept some of them.
Eventually,
the lord’s wife didn’t come, and their luggage were sent to Edo by ship
from Nagareyama (nearest river port) on the 20th of July.
16日、「今般、夷國軍艦□来に付き」ということで、御屋敷の奥方様とお子様が横須賀村へ来る予定だという知らせが来ました。お荷物（長持や箪笥など）が、24日と26日に到着し、吉野家でも預かりました。結局、奥方様達は村には来ないで、７月20日、御屋敷から預かった荷物を流山から船積みしました。
On
the 19th, Yoshino went to Edo and returned together with his son
(Eiji) on the 23rd; he worked at a sumurai’s residence in Edo.
They bought sake (alcohol) and tofu on the 22nd. After arriving, Yoshino
and Eiji visited relatives, then they stayed a night at Eiji’s grandparents’
residence. Eiji talked about life in Edo probably, which was an already city
with over a million people. I’m sure it was a fun time. Eiji returned to Edo
together with Yoshino on the 27th.
Edo in 1805、日本橋/熈代勝覧 ＠三越前
19日に出府した主は、23日に江戸で奉公している長男の英次さんと一緒に戻ってきました。前の日には、酒一舛と豆腐半丁を購入しています。翌日からは、主と英次さんは親戚を訪ね、英次さんの祖父母の家（稲村）では一泊しました。江戸の話に花が咲いたのでしょう。楽しい時間だったと思います。27日、英次さんは主と共に江戸に戻りました。
April、4月
On
the 18th, rice planting, which was the hardest agricultural work,
started. BUT, there were Sukegou requests; Yoshino dispatched villagers on the
18th, 20th and 24th. It was severe
requirements. Yoshino finished planting on the 2nd of May.
18日、田植が始まりました。でも、18，20、24日と助郷の要請があり人を出しています。きついですね。田植仕舞いは、5月2日でした。
May、5月
On
the 7th, Yoshino received a circulation saying “it is urgent. Mito
and other daimyos’ army would be deployed in order to bomb foreign ships”;
it was an information of the increment of Sukegou. It was a difficult
situation. Yoshino received a battle surcoat. It looked like wartime!
Meanwhile,
they held a ritual for rain at the Yakushi temple. Water was scarce. Moreover,
it was snowy on the 18th and 19th of MAY which was
after rice planting season. Very difficult situation!
Cannon guarding Edo Bay in 1853、1853年に江戸湾防衛用に設置された大砲 @Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural
History (part2)、神奈川県立歴史博物館（2）
7日の廻文には、「この度、御切迫の御模様に付き、異船打ち払い為に、水戸様御軍勢と諸家様方多人数御操り出しの趣き･･･」と書かれています。要件は、助郷が増えるということなのですが、困ったことになってきました。主は平賀村で陣羽織を受け取りました。戦時体制ですね。
そんな中ですが、14日に薬師院で雨乞い。雨が少ない、かつ、18日と19日には小雪。田植の後なのに寒い。大変です。
Jun、6月
On
the 4th, Yoshino wrote that the west area of Edo castle burned.
The shogunate (Bakufu) felt in a trouble. Yoshino went to Edo on the 7th
and returned on the 13th.
4日に、「芝あたりより昨日出火。西御丸、焼失の由」と江戸城の火災も村へ伝わってきています。幕府も大変です。主は、7日から13日まで出府しました。
On
the 22nd, a villager (Yusuke) pilgrimed to Mt. Fuji.
On
the 26th, Yoshino pilgrimed to Ohyama, and returned on the 2nd
of the next month. The shrine in Ohyama dedicates to the god of rain; the
village dispatched a delegate every year. But sunny days continued in Jun of
that year, so his mission was important. When he returned, acquaintances
visited Yoshino and drank. They had leeway to enjoy drinking.
Ohyama、大山
26日、主は大山へ参詣。2日に戻って、中村の七郎左衛門さんらの訪問を受け、酒を飲みました。大山の阿夫利神社（あふり）は雨の神様。村からは毎年、代参者を送っていますが、6月は晴れ続きなので、大切な参詣でした。なお、村の祐介さん（繁蔵さんの息子）は22日に富士参詣に出発しています。
Yoshino’s
daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃
Yoshino’s
daily life 02, Life and fun of Yoshino family 吉野家の暮らしと楽しみ
The details of their live which includes
farming and visiting neighbors are written in No.13 - No.25 (1851)、農事や近所付き合いを含む日々の詳細は1851年の日記の記事（No.13～25）に記載しています。
Yoshino’s
daily life 13, The first half of January in 1851（嘉永4年1月前半）
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