July、7月
Yoshino’s
father was sick in bed, and acquaintances visited one after another. Eiji
(Yoshino’s son) returned on the 22nd. Unfortunately, his father
passed away in the afternoon of the 27th.
The funeral was recorded. On the 28th, relatives came
continuously and the funeral was held on the 29th. Ten monks and
eighteen servants came and the memorial service began just after the noon. His
coffin was carried out around 2PM. He was an ex-village head, so four
hundred people came.
On
the 30th, the memorial service of the
third day after death was held; all villagers participated in.
Former village head’s residence in a neighboring
city、旧吉田家住宅歴史公園（千葉県柏市）
お盆の後、父へのお見舞いが続きました。英次さんも22日に戻ってきました。
27日午後、父が病死しました。葬式の様子が書かれています。28日には親戚が続々と来て、29日の九つ（正午）過ぎに、長福寺を始めお寺から僧が10人、他に駕籠かきら18人が来て法要、八つ（午後2時）頃に出棺でした。400人ほどが悔やみに来たということです。名主の親ともなるとスゴイ数ですね。
30日に村人総出で三日斎。
August、8月
On the 1st, Eiji went to the temple with an offering
money and returned Buddhist altar fittings. On the other hand, visitors came
with incense sticks, candles or rice for making mochi-cakes.
On
the 8th, Eij returned to Edo (old name of Tokyo) where he worked.
Yoshino accompanied him and presented the first mushrooms of the season to
Eiji’s master who was a samurai. He was a good father.
On
the 20th, the local government office notified to permit to kill
ruffians when they got out of hand. It means many ruffians walked around
but the shogunate couldn’t control them. It was an unrest time.
Moreover,
the office required Yoshino to dispatch villagers as carriers to the post town
four times in that month. It became a difficult time.
1日に英次さんがお布施を持って長福寺に行きました。また、仏具も返しました。その後も、線香や蝋燭、糯米を持って悔やみの客が来ました。
8日、英次さんは江戸に戻りました。主も同行し、石野民部様に初茸を一籠献上しています。親心ですね。
20日、村々の寄合があり、「狼藉者が手に負えない時は、撃ち殺しても苦しからず」と指示が出ました。狼藉者があちこちに現れて、しかも、幕府ではコントロールできないということ。物騒です。
そして、8月の助郷は4回。何かと大変です。
September、9月
On
the 6th, it is written about the village officer. Three farmers were
selected as the village officers; Nanushi or Shouya was a village
head (Yoshino was Nanushi of the village), Kumigashira and Hyakushoudai
supported Shouya. They were selecting the next Kumigashira. The lord
recommended Kyushichi, however he was reluctant to take the post.
Therefore, Shichizaemon who was a current Kumigashira continued serving the
post. The village officers were not desirable posts at that time!
6日、七左衛門さんの後の村の組頭を誰にするか。御屋敷は、久七さんを押したそうですが、久七さんは「難渋」。しばらく、七左衛門さんが務めることになりました。村役人はなりたい地位ではなかったのですね。
On
the 8th, visitors came Yoshino’s house to go to the village
festival. Yoshino was invited to a drinking party by the head farmer of the
villages of the region, however he refused it. The reason was that he was in mourning for his father. Joining the festival was more
important than mourning!
8日、根木内に嫁いだおかつさんら村祭りのお客さんが来ました。喪中でも関係なしです。でも、村々をまとめる河右衛門（野々下村）から、「此の間中は、ご苦労の旨、明日、神酒進めたく･･･」というお誘いは、「忌中に付き」と断っています。お祭りは大切！
On
the 13th, Yoshino made mochi cakes and delivered them in order to
invite the memorial service of the 49th day after his father’s
death. It’s considered that the soul wanders between this world and the
next for up to 49 days after the death in many Japanese Buddhist sects. The
soul is considered to depart to the next world until the 49th day.
On the 14th, they prepared for the memorial service; they bought
half barrel of sake, a barrel of soy sauce, nine litters of miso paste, and
vegetables. Hachiroubei sent glutinous rice and Jirouuemon sent fifteen pieces
of fried tofu to Yoshino. Yoshino invited villagers in the evening for
chanting, meals and drinks.
On
the 15th, Yoshino hosted the memorial service; his relatives and
villagers attended. He wrote that he invited all villagers and served meals
& drinks.
On
the 16th, his married sister Okatsu returned to her home in Negiuch.
He gave her kimono (clothes). I guess it was a distribution of mementoes of the
deceased father. Yoshino’s mother went to the festival in Negiuchi on the 19th.
I’m not sure whether the mourning ended or not.
13日、餅をついて配りました。父の四十九日法要への招待です。14日は、準備。流山から酒半樽、醤油一樽、味噌五合、八百屋物を取り寄せました。駒木新田･八郎兵衛さんからは糯米、次郎右衛門さんからは油揚げ15枚が届きました。そして夜は、村人を招いて、「真言修行、酒食振る舞う」とあります。前夜祭ですね。15日は法要で、親戚が集まりました。「村方のもの残らず招き酒食振る舞う」とあります。
16日、おかつさんは根木内へ帰りましたが、「譲り物、単物遣り」とあります。形見分けでしょうか。
19日、主の母は根木内の祭りに行きました。49日で喪が明けたのかも知れません。
October、10月
On
the 13th, the lord hurried Yoshino up to pay rice tax. It was the
first time! On the 27th, Yoshino sent rice as the first payment.
The
lord asked money a lot in that year. He asked 50 ryo ($23,000) in order to
purchase weapons in March. I feel it was a long time ago that villages were willing
to offer money to the lord because he asked less money than other lords. (Yoshino’s
daily life 30 (Apr. to Jul. in 1854）)
I feel sorry for Yoshino.
13日、御屋敷から年貢の催促がありました。これは初めてです。27日に初年貢米を送りました。
3月12日には、「武器御整え、ご入り用金、金五十両･･･」と書かれていて、御屋敷からのお金の要求が頻繁で、読んでいて辛くなります。9年前は、「異国船が来ても御屋敷からの御用金の要求がなくてありがたい」ということで、「御冥加」を差し上げていたのに（Yoshino’s
daily life 30 (1854年4～7月））、嘘のようです。
November、11月
On
the 16th, the circular said the main building of Edo castle burned.
There was no rain for a month. Shigezou’s house burned, so villagers started a
night watch; a pair of villagers did it. Troubls were written; villages tried
to avoid the duty which was to help the traffic of the nearby highway. On the
other hand, farmers tried to go to Edo in order to sue something.
Meanwhile,
it was written that they finished sending rice tax and had a customary
overnight party on the 19th. I relieved.
Model of Edo castle、江戸城模型 ＠Edo-Tokyo
Museum 江戸東京博物館(Part1)
16日、「御本丸御炎焼の由」との知らせが届きました。ほぼ、一ヶ月、雨がありません。繁蔵さんの居宅が火事になり、翌日から二人一組の夜回り始めました。助郷の押し付け合い、百姓の出府願い（陳情？）、辛い話が書かれています。
そんな中ですが、19日、「御年貢米皆済、例の通り、日待」とあってホッとします。
December、12月
On
the 2nd, the farmers went to Edo. Their lord was a same person as
Yoshino's one.
On the 4th, farmers in Yoshino’s village had a meeting. I
think they didn’t endure temporary money requirements and extra work of helping
the traffic of the highway. On the 5th, the farmers also departed
to Edo for suing, however they returned the next day. A ringleader got a
death penalty back then. Someone probably stopped them, I guess.
On the 14th, the fire broken out in Shigezou’s house
again. His stable burned this time. Villagers continued the night watch. It was
a difficult time.
On
the 18th, Jisaburou invited Yoshino for soba noodles. It was a relaxing time.
On
the 29th, they made mochi cakes for the New Year’s Day. I thought
the year ended peacefully as usual. BUT, on the New Year Eve, it was written
that Otojirou did violence after drinking. Villagers were stressed out.
It
was a turbulent time and a war time at the same time. There are many novels
themed the time which is called “Baku (shogunate)-matsu (end)”.
Heroes such as Ryoma Sakamoto emerged. "Baku-matsu" attracts people nowadays.
However, it was just a terrible time for
people. Peace is always a precious living foundation for people.
Making mochi near my house as a year-end
event、近所の年末行事です
2日、同じ知行の横須賀村、平賀村の百姓たち（小前の者）が出府しました。
4日には、「夜、小前の者共、寄合」と書かれています。主の村でも、百姓の負担が多すぎて、我慢できないようです。5日、「小前一同出府」、6日、「小前一同、出府の所、途中より立ち戻り」とあります。訴え出ると首謀者は死罪という時代、どなたかが仕切ったのだと思います。
14日、再び、繁蔵さん方から出火。厩などを焼きました。村人は夜番を続けます。もし放火だったら、ぎすぎすした時代になってきています。
18日、次三郎さんに蕎麦をお呼ばれしました。ホッとします。
28日、餅つき、このまま年が暮れるかと思いきや、30日（大晦日）、「乙次郎儀、不埒」とあります。「酒狂」だったとのこと、皆さんストレスが溜まっているようです。世の騒乱や戦いは坂本龍馬のようなヒーローをうみました。でも、何もいいことがありません。暮らすためには、平和が一番貴重な生活基盤です。
Yoshino’s
daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃
Yoshino’s
daily life 02, Life and fun of Yoshino family 吉野家の暮らしと楽しみ
The details of their live which includes
farming and visiting neighbors are written in No.13 - No.25 (1851)、農事や近所付き合いを含む日々の詳細は1851年の日記の記事（No.13～25）に記載しています。
Yoshino’s
daily life 13, The first half of January in 1851（嘉永4年1月前半）
Previous post: Yoshino’s
daily life 50 (Jan. to Jun in 1863、文久3年1～6月）
Next post (Final
year of the Yoshino’s diary、吉野家の日記の最後の年です):
Yoshino’s daily life 52（Jan. to Sep. in 1864、文久4年1～9月）
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