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Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 7（千葉県流山の名主日記）

Life in the year end and Annual horse capturing event (November and December, 1802)、野馬捕りと年の暮れ（享和2年11、12月）

 



November, 1802

Hyōemon (a village head who wrote this diary) departed for Edo (old name of Tokyo where his lord lived) on the 4th and returned home on the 15th. He stayed in Edo for 12 days.

 

16th, the village headmen of 55 villages gathered for the meeting regarding the sukegō (providing labor for post-towns) of Kogane-juku; “juku” means a post-town.

His purpose for going to Edo was the sukegō issue, but there was no prospect of a resolution. No village wanted to work for sukegō job.

Sukegō was a system; when a post-town lacked sufficient horses and porters, surrounding villages were required to provide them. The wages were low. Hyōemon's village was designated as a sukegō village for Kogane-juku on the Mito Highway from Edo to Mito.

 

Btw, Edo, where he stayed for 12 days, was a paradise of entertainment even then (Life in Edo (published in 1959)).

 

It has already been written that he visited a pub and a teahouse in Edo, however, other entertainments are still unknown (It’s easy to guess that he would not have written about such leisurely activities in his diary, but it's still curious things).

 

On the 22nd, all taxes were paid, even though it was a year of poor harvest. Great!

On top of it, he inquired about the trading price of rice. It meant his village had enough rice.

 

 

December, 1802

The grazing horse hunt began on the 1st.

He dispatched five villagers to help catching horses.

 

On the 4th, Hyōemon's three children, and four people from Kato Village (on the opposite side of the Edogawa River) went to watch the horse hunt at Ueno Pasture. His daughter Chiyo would later marry and live in Kato Village.

 

Women and children of his family went every year, so it must have been a fun event. The shogunate was generous to allow it to be open to the public.

Meanwhile, Hyōemon was out drinking at Hirai-shop and so on.


There were shogunate military horse pastures in Chiba prefecture. Around 1,000 horses were grazed in the Kogane Pasture at its peak; it was divided into several locations including Ueno Pasture (the map below).

Link to the article in this blog: Kamagaya museum 鎌ケ谷市郷土資料館


Spectators gathered for the annual grazing horse hunt. The horses were driven into a trap and captured, then sorted into horses to be trained as military horses and those to be sold off.

A copy of a framed painting (ema, below) depicting people watching the horse capture from the embankment of the trap; it was offered to Koya Kannon in 1882 (Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture). Enlarged one is at the top of this page.

Link to the article of this blog: Matsudo Museum 松戸市立博物館

 

On the 13th, he departed for Edo, continuing with year-end settlements.

At that time, payments were usually made on credit, with settlements taking place at the end of the year or during bon in July.

There were also settlements with Chofuku-ji and Entoku-ji temples, indicating that they were involved in loan.

 

On the 21st, an assistant from Ise Shinto priest (onshi) Ryutayu arrived.

Since Shiba-ji and others from a nearby village went on a pilgrimage to Ise two years later, this was likely an invitation.

 

On the 27th, mochi was pounded, and on the 28th, pine decorations were put up to welcome the New Year deity.

 


Pine decorations of a day-trip hot spring facility
 

 

11月

兵右衛門は、４日に出府、15日に帰宅。12日間の江戸滞在だ。

翌日、小金宿助郷の一件で、55か村が集まり寄合。出府の用件は助郷だったが、解決は見通せない。助郷は押し付けあいだから。

＜引用：助郷は、宿場の人馬が足らないときに周辺の村々から人馬を出させる制度。賃金は割安。兵右衛門の古間木村は、水戸街道・小金宿の定助郷村だった。

 

ところで、彼が12日間も滞在した江戸は、当時も娯楽のパラダイス（江戸生活事典）。

江戸で酒を吞んだこと、水茶屋に行ったことはすでに書かれているが、他の遊びについては、まだわからない（羽根をのばしたことを日記に書き残すはずがないと思いながらも、知りたいものだ）。

 

22日、御年貢等皆済。凶作の中、ご立派。

米相場を問い合わせており、兵右衛門の古間木村には米があった。

 

 

12月

１日から野馬捕り。

古間木村も５人の人足を出している。

 

４日の上野牧での野馬捕りには、ちよ、しゆん、房次の他に、ちよが後に嫁入りする加藤村（江戸川の対岸）から4人が見物に行った。

女性や子どもが毎年行く。おもしろいイベントだし、人びとに公開していた幕府も大らかだ。

一方、兵右衛門は平井店や思井で外呑みだった。


房総には、幕府の軍馬牧場があった（上の地図）。数カ所に分かれる小金牧では、最盛期には1,000頭もの馬が放牧されていた。年に一度の野馬狩りには、見物人が集まる。野馬を捕込に追い込んで捕え、軍馬として養成する馬と払い下げる馬とに選り分けた（鎌ケ谷市郷土資料館）。

捕込の土手の上に陣取って、野馬捕りを見物する人びとを描いた額が1882年に幸谷観音（千葉県松戸市）に奉納されている（上の絵馬、ページトップは拡大写真、参考記事：松戸市立博物館）。

 

13日に出府、年末の清算が続く。当時はつけ払いにして、年末や盆に精算するのが普通だ。

長福寺や圓徳寺との清算もあり、お寺が金融にも携わっていたことがわかる。


21日、伊勢御師・竜太夫の手代が来る。翌々年は、近村の芝次らが伊勢参りに行くので、勧誘があったのだろう。

27日に餅つき、28日に松飾りをして正月を迎えた。

 

  

Previous post  (Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 6（千葉県流山の名主日記): Harvest after a flood (July to October, 1802)、洪水と収穫（享和2年7～10月）

Next post (Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 8（千葉県流山の名主日記): Seeing off pilgrims to Ise (January, 1804)、伊勢参りの村人が出発（享和４年１月）(coming soon)

The diary in 1803 is not in the book. 1803年の日記は掲載されていない。

 

 

The first article in this series (from 1802 to 1848)、シリーズ（1802年から1848年）最初の記事 : Peaceful days and funs of a village head in 19th century, part 1（千葉県流山の名主日記）

 

The first article of the diary from 1849 to 1864, fifty-three articles in total、1849年から1864年の日記（53記事）の最初の記事： Yoshino’s daily life 01, About Yoshino and background 吉野家とその頃



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