Author : Miyamoto Tsuneichi（1907-1981）、著者：宮本常一
Entertainments (singing and
performance)、歌などの芸能・余興の楽しみ
・My grandfather、私の祖父
Dr. Miyamoto wrote about the way of
life of his grandfather in the chapter. His grandfather was born in 1846, grew
up four children and passed away in 1927. He was summoned by the samurai lord
(daimyo) and went to the battle field as a worker in 1866.
Miyamoto family owned a narrow land
(0.5ha, 1.2ac), so they couldn’t live without working as tenant farmers. They
were poor, and his grandfather worked hard. He got up at 4 AM, went to a
mountain to work, returned home and had a breakfast (porridge). Then, he went
to a field. After lunch, he had naptime and had a light meal. He went to the
field again and worked till after dark. He also worked at night. In a rainy
day, he made various things from straw such as sandals.
Handmade straw products Nagano City Museum、長野市立博物館
His grandfather even worked in the morning of a festival day which was a holiday. When he had time, he went out and worked as a day laborer. After working, he prayed to gods and ancestors, and went to bed; that was his routine. However, he didn’t complain. He was grateful to pass the time safely.
His enjoyment was to sing a song while working. He knew lots of songs: work songs (rice planting, weeding, milling and so on), songs of Bon festival dances and folk songs. Btw, author’s great-great-grandfather also liked singing. In a rice planting season, he went out with a drum and sang a song beside a rice field. During a Bon festival, he went to the dancing venue and sang. (I’ve written it in the part 1 of this article: Women’s community)
https://ganref.jp/m/crews-control/portfolios/photo_detail/2793510
Returning to his grandfather’s story,
he also went to a Bon festival and sang. He could make villagers dance in
sync by his song. Cheerful songs were sung in the early evening, and classy
(not noisy) ones were done in the night; those songs were called “Kudoki”, or
literally "persuading (seducing)". He sang Kudoki. Villagers danced
calmly and dreamily to sound of the song and the drum. I totally agree that it is fun to
entertain people by songs only. When his grandfather died, he got back home
from the Bon festival just before midnight; he fell down in the room and passed
away three days later.
1846年生まれの著者の祖父の生き様が書かれています。四人の子を育て1927年に亡くなりました。第二次長州征伐（1866年）では、人夫として出て行きました。平和に村の暮らしを続けていたわけではないのですね。
土地が五反（0.5ha）しかなく、貧乏で小作をしないと食べていけない家でした。祖父はよく働きました。朝四時には起き、山で一仕事をして戻って朝食（お粥）。田畑へ仕事に行き、昼食がすむと夏ならば三時まで昼寝し、コビルマを食べてまた田畑に出かけ、暗くなるまで働きました。雨の日は藁仕事をし、夜なべもしました。
祭りの日も午前中は働きました。時間があれば日雇いに出ました。仕事を終えると神様、仏様を拝んで寝るのが彼の日課でした。しかし、そういう生活に不平を持たず、一日一日を無事に過ごされることを感謝していたといいます。
彼の楽しみは、仕事をしているときに歌を唄うことでした。仕事自体の楽しみではないのです。田植え、草刈、臼挽きなどの労働歌、盆踊り歌や民謡（ハンヤ節、ションガエ節など）をたくさん覚えていました。ところで、祖父の祖父も、田植え時期になると太鼓一つ持って方々の田へ田植え唄を歌いに行き、盆になれば踊場へ音頭を取りに行ったのだそうです。「女の世間」（Part1）でも記載しましたが、こんな人がいたのですね。
宮本の祖父の話に戻ります。祖父は、盆踊りに出かけ、「踊り子たちの踊りをピタッとそろわせる力をもっていた」のです。華やかな音頭は宵の口、しっぽりとした「くどき」は夜更けてから行われていて、祖父は倒れた夜も夜更けまで踊り場でくどいていました。くどきの声、太鼓の音だけで、踊り子は水をうったように静かにそして夢みるように踊るのだそうです。自分の声で人に楽しんでもらうのは最高です。祖父は、十二時前に戻ってきて、部屋にはいるなり倒れ、三日後に亡くなりました。
・In Tsushima Island、対馬にて
Tsushima is located between Korean
Peninsula and Japan mainland, which are remote islands and the area is around
700 square kilometers.
Tsushima people sang a folk
song while walking in order to inform of their location for safety reasons in around 1950. Folk
song was an integral part of their lives.
They competed singing. A pilgrimage in
which people visited six Kannon temples in the island were popular. In Sago,
they competed singing when pilgrims visited their village, and betted. It
is written; Mr. Suzuki, who is an old man, has never lost a match, therefore,
he could have relations with most of beautiful pilgrims. Oh my gosh! I must add it is also written; it was rare for women to bet their approval for a romantic relationship. When the author
visited for a field survey, a singing match continued until around 3 AM.
Happy land of the rising sun, where song unceasing flows.(1896)、歌が絶えない陽が昇る国 https://www.loc.gov/item/2020637415/
昭和25年頃の対馬では、山道では、安全上の理由で、民謡を歌いながら歩き、自分がどこにいるかを知らせました。民謡は生活の歌でした。
歌合戦もありました。島内の六観音参りが盛んで、著者が調べた佐護にも巡礼先の観音堂がありました。他村の者が来たら歌を競い賭けをしました。「鈴木老人はそうした女たちと歌合戦をしてまけたことはなかった。そして巡拝に来たこれというような美しい女のほとんどと契りを結んだという」と書かれています。体も賭けたのです。なお、「女が男にからだをかけさせることはすくなかったという」と書かれているので付け加えます。著者がその支援者である渋沢子爵（渋沢栄一の孫）と対馬に調査に入った時は、歌合戦が夜の三時ごろまで続いたそうです。
・In Nagura、名倉談義
Nagura in Aichi Prefecture of central
Japan is in a mountainous area. A wedding was a kind of shows there. An old man
said as follows.
He could see a Furisode kimono dress
only during the wedding of a village head’s daughter and so on. Especially, the
wedding of the village doctor was so luxurious that it became a very
eye-catching event; she wore Uchikake decorative kimono. She returned three
days later, which was a traditional practice, by rickshaw. The vehicle attracted spectators. I’m sure
villagers enjoyed chatting about her costume and behavior. The wedding of
wealthy people was an entertainment for villagers who spent mundane days.
https://publicdomainq.net/woman-girl-portrait-kimono-0021836/
Uchikake (overcoat) at Sumiyoshi Taisha
Wedding procession of a wealthy family and spectators in Akita、富豪の嫁入りにつめかけた群衆 Masuda town in Akita and an ex hardware store “Ishihei”、増田（秋田県）と旧石平金物店
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/agc/item/2018719895/resource/
西三河の山中にある旧名倉村では、嫁入りがイベント、すなわち見物の対象になっていました。聞き取りをした老人が、村で振袖を見たのは村長の娘の嫁入りの時くらいでした。特に、医者が嫁をもらった時には、打掛を着て来たので大評判になり、さらに三日目の里帰りでは人力車に乗ったというのでまた大評判になったそうです。大勢の人が見物に押し掛け、話に花が咲いたのでしょう。
Previous post (Part1 of this article, Fun of working、働く楽しみ): The Forgotten Japanese (published in 1960 )(1/6)、忘れられた日本人 part1
Next post (Part3 of this article, Fun while traveling、さすらいの中の楽しみ): The Forgotten Japanese (published in 1960 )(3/6)、忘れられた日本人 part3
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