It was an agricultural off-season, so they had time. They prepared for the New Year’s Day. Those were peaceful days, but only one year and half was left before the US fleet came to Japan, which was a trigger to beat the shogunate which ruled Japan 250 years until then.
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| Nagareyama city museum、流山市博物館 |
農閑期で時間的な余裕がある暮らしになっている。貸し借りの清算や正月の準備など流山市芝崎では平穏な日々が続く。しかし、幕府が倒れる大きなきっかけとなるペリー艦隊が浦賀に来るまで、あと一年半である。
On the 2nd, Mr. Haige came and
stayed at Yoshino’s house, then left for Edo next day. They stayed at
acquaintances’ houses easily; it is so different from current situation. When I
was an elementary school pupil, which was in the 1970s, people used to recommend
customers to stay. The habit has been changed.
On the 3rd, an officer of Zoujyouji
temple, which was a family temple of the shogun, visited. Monks and priests
came frequently because of the agricultural off-season.
-Visitor came from Ise Shrine on the 9th.
-Other visitor oshi came from Ooyama where some of villagers visited every summer.
-Blind couple from Nigata; the master donated to them.
-Visitor came from Ise Shrine on the 9th.
-Other visitor oshi came from Ooyama where some of villagers visited every summer.
-Blind couple from Nigata; the master donated to them.
On the 4th and the 5th,
they cut trees in the forest. On the 4th, his mother went to
Mama-tekona Shrine as a delegate.
On the 8th, they carried out the year
end cleaning. It removed one year’s worth dust and removed the bad luck at the
same time, so it was considered as a good day.
On the 10th, most of all family
members gathered firewood. He also went to other village in order to get the
medicine against an epidemic.
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Guest
room of a village head’s house、名主の客間
|
2日、近村の灰毛義右衛門さんが来宅して泊まり、翌日出府する。今では、人の家に泊まることは気が引けるが、気兼ねなく泊まっているようだ。私が小学生の1970年頃も、客間というか、いつでも泊まれるようになっていたと思うし、「泊まっていきませんか」という会話もあったと思う。
3日、芝増上寺の山門役人が来宅。農閑期は、寺社からの勧請が多そうだ。9日、伊勢の御師と思われる伊勢龍太夫代が来宅、12日は、夏にお世話になる大山御師が来ている。20日には、「越後の国座頭夫婦権化、六文送る」とあり、寄付もしているようだ。
4、5日、山刈り。4日は、母が、代参（講を代表してのお参り）で、真間手児奈明神に参詣。参詣納めか。
8日、煤払い。一年の汚れ、厄を払う日で、縁起が良い日と考えられているようだ。
10日、薪さらい、次左衛門、義三郎、母、おこの、おうら、とあり、家族総出だ。また、川崎村に疫病除け薬頂（き）に行く、とある。漢方系の薬だろうが、どんな薬だったのだろうかと思ってしまう。
On the 13th, it was written that
all villagers gathered for “Kure-kanjyou”. “Kure” means the year end, and
“kanjyou” means to settle a bill. Japanese paid back all debt until the year
end, because creditors couldn’t charge in the next year. If a debtor refused to
pay the money back intentionally, he would not be allowed to borrow next year; it was a custom
across Japan at that time. By the way, futon mat repairers came, so they slept
in soft and airy mats on the day.
On the 20th, the master left for
Edo with Jisaburo (his neighbor) in the early morning. He stayed at Edo one
night; I guess they enjoyed entertainment in Edo because he usually returned to
his house in the same day. There were a lot of entertainment in Edo (Reference:
Lifein Edo, old Tokyo).
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| https://www.ndl.go.jp/landmarks/details/detail041.html?sights=surugacho;tokyo=chuo |
He mentioned about Gisaburou, who
was a hardworking man, “Gisaburou also went out in the morning and returned after
10pm. It’s good.” I reckon everyone was enjoying the post agricultural season.
On the 26th, he wrote “Gisaburou have gone, I gave him a pocket
money.” He returned and continued working for Yoshino next year.
On the 23rd, his mother visited
Shitizaemon. On the 24th, his wife visited with festive red rice,
and on the 25th, his father was invited. There was a celebratory
occasion, perhaps they had three-day parties.
On the 25th, Zenzo came
with a salted salmon same as last year. It was a typical year end
gift.
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Salted salmon
つくしんぼさんのphotoACの写真
|
On the 26th, they made
rice cakes. It is a joyful event before New Year’s Day.
On the 28th, they set New
Year decoration called Matu(pine tree)-kazari(decoration).
On the 29th, K. Omoi came
with a light salted salmon. On the other hand, he gave Otokichi a going-away
gift to go to Ise Shrine.
This year, 1851, ended. Nothing was
written about the 30th which was New Year’s Eve of a lunar calendar.
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| Mochi making event、餅つき大会 |
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| Freshly cooked mochi, very soft、つきたてのお餅 |
13日、暮勘定村中集、とあり、みんなですっきり精算したのだろう。この日と翌日、綿打ちが来ている。蒲団もフカフカだ。
20日、早朝、次三郎（隣家）と寒中伺いに出府して、一泊している。何か、レジャーっぽい。また、良く働く義三郎、「今朝出て夜四つ（22時頃）過ぎ帰宅、之よし」と記載。みんな自由時間を楽しんでいるようだ。26日には、「義三郎去る、暮酒代渡す」とあり、義三郎は独立していくのか。でも、義三郎は吉野家で働き続け、翌年の田植にも参加している。
23日、母が七左衛門を訪問、24日は妻が赤飯に呼ばれて七左衛門へ行く、25日は父が呼ばれて七左衛門に行っている。毎日行っているのが面白い。三日連続のパーティーか？
25日、善蔵さん、今年も歳暮の鮭塩引きを持参してくれる。
26日、餅つき。お正月前の楽しいイベントだ。
28日、松飾。
29日、思井清左衛門さんも簿塩引（鮭？）を持って来てくれる。一方、前平井の音吉さんは、春参宮の由に付き、餞別を与えた。
嘉永四年も暮れる。大晦日は日付の記載も無し。
Intercommunion
of Yoshino family in 1851
1851年の吉野家の交流
The table below shows their activities. They went to shrines or temples around five times per month; half of them were to go to Nakadera temple. They offered rice or mochi cake to Nakadera. It meant a stronger tie between Yoshino family and its family temple Nakadera than today.
There were many visitors, especially
in January and February because of new year greetings. On the other hand, there
were only two visitors in May, who were carpenters; it was rice planting
season, so people didn’t have time to mingle. Travel agents Oshi and craftsmen
visited after November which was an agricultural off-season.
By the way, the master’s father went out so
often. Yoshino’s family went out nine times total in May, which was a busy
season for them, but his father went out seven times. They went out a lot in
September because there were meetings about the road improvement.
Regarding to trips, they went to only Edo this
year. The master went four times to visit his lord mainly. They offered their
specialty like fresh mushrooms. They had strong tie not only with temples and
villagers but also with the lord. I think the strong tie made a mutual aid
society. Yoshino family was always bustling.
Reference:
Farmersin the Edo period (published in 2009)
Visiting temples
社寺参詣
|
(Visiting
Nakadera,
内中寺）
|
Visitors
(groups)
来訪(組）
|
Visiting
訪問
|
Trip
旅(江戸)
|
|
Jan 1月
|
7
|
2
|
>30
|
>19
|
1
|
Feb 2月
|
5
|
2
|
23
|
12
|
0
|
Mar 3月
|
0
|
0
|
14
|
13
|
1
|
Apr 4月
|
6
|
3
|
12
|
9
|
0
|
May 5月
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
9
|
0
|
Jun 6月
|
7
|
2
|
11
|
8
|
1
|
Jul 7月
|
6
|
4
|
5
|
12
|
0
|
Aug 8月
|
6
|
5
|
5
|
15
|
0
|
Sep 9月
|
5
|
1
|
11
|
31
|
0
|
Oct 10月
|
4
|
2
|
10
|
18
|
1
|
Nov 11月
|
6
|
4
|
12
|
23
|
1
|
Dec 12月
|
5
|
4
|
17
|
23
|
1
|
Ave. 平均
|
4.8
|
2.5
|
>12.7
|
>16.0
|
0.5
|
訪問からは、参詣、買い物や馬繕いなどの仕事は除いた。我孫子など近隣への外出は旅にはカウントしなかった。
I described their daily life of 1851
in detail including farming. From 1852, I will avoid writing in detail and
extract joyful or memorable event of their daily life from his diary.
社寺参詣が月に五回ぐらい、そのうち半分は中寺で、お米やぼた餅などを届けている。檀家と寺の繋がりの強さが分かる。来訪者も多く、正月、二月の年始は多くの人の訪問を受ける。五月の田植え時期は訪問者が少なく、田植え前に屋根葺き職人が二度来ただけである。御師や綿打ち職人などセールスの人も十一月以降の農閑期に来ており、時期をわきまえている。お盆の七月も少ないが記載されていないだけなのかも知れない。
一方、訪問は父の外出が多く、五月も九回中七回は父が外出している。九月は、道普請の話で外出が増えているが、秋は来訪者も他家訪問も多い。この年の旅は江戸への出府のみで主人が四回、暑中や寒中の伺いに行っている。初茸などの献上も含め、領主との交流も深い。寺、親戚、近所、領主との交流の深さが、セイフティーネット、互助社会になっているように思う。吉野家は、賑やかだ。
嘉永四年は農事も細かく記載し、吉野家の生活を追った。嘉永五年以降は、特徴的な出来事と、日々の暮らしを楽しんでいるなあ、と思ったことを日記から拾い上げていきたい。
Next post of Yoshino's daily life （次の吉野家の日記）：
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