Western countries were colonizing
Asian countries at that time. The furnace was built to make steel for guns in Kyusyu this year.
Japan prepared for the war against western countries, but Yoshino’s daily life
was still peaceful.
Reverberating furnace in Nirayama、韮山反射炉
https://www.city.izunokuni.shizuoka.jp/bunka_bunkazai/manabi/bunkazai/hansyaro/index.html
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佐賀藩にも反射炉が作られるなど、武装化が進んでいる。ペリーが来航し開国を求めるまでにあと3年である。吉野家では平穏な暮らしが続く。
January (1) : New Year's greetings
On the New Year’s Day, Mr. Yoshino exchanged
greetings with villagers. He exchanged greetings almost every day until the 15th
of January. Visitors came from Nagareyama, neighboring villages and
temples. On the 9th, Shibaya’s wife, Shibai’s wife and other wives in the
village visited to Yoshino’s house. Was there any event for wives in his house?
New Year's greeting
continued until early February. He shared the task of greeting with his father. I
wonder how they treated visitors and what gifts they brought. In the book of “Farmers in the Edo period”, it was written that they brought towels or sweets as gifts. On the 7th, he handed Nuinosuke his letter to the lord.
・1月(その1:年礼)
元旦に村の者と年礼を交わした後、2日から15日まではほぼ毎日、年礼が続く。来訪者は、流山だけでなく柏にも及び、近隣のお寺からも来ている。9日には、芝弥の妻、芝伊の妻、と村人の女房達が来ている。特別な宴席があるだろうか。年礼は2月上旬まで続く。訪問も含め、父親と分担してこなしている。年始の土産、おもてなし、どのようなものであったのだろうか。「百姓たちの江戸時代」(渡辺尚志)によると持参品は、手拭い、茶、菓子、羊羹などであったという。
7日には、「本郷御弓町筒井様御屋敷にて縫之助方へ書状頼む」とある。出府する者に領主への挨拶状を頼んでいるようである。
January (2 of 2) : Gatherings
Farming started on the 11th. On the
14th, they made rice cakes. It would the event to finalize New Year
Holiday. On the 17th, Ueno-Benten-kou was held at
Shichizaemon’s house which was an overnight event. It was written that
Jirouemon and Gonemon drew the prize in the lottery. I think that “Kou” is a religious
event, but they enjoyed a lottery in the Kou. Was it just an overnight entertainment?
On the 19th, he stayed at Hanzaemon’s house for the Sanno festival eve celebration. On the 20th, Sanno festival was held which would be an overnight event at his house.
On the 19th, he stayed at Hanzaemon’s house for the Sanno festival eve celebration. On the 20th, Sanno festival was held which would be an overnight event at his house.
On the 28th, he went to Nakadera temple as
usual and offered sake (Japanese alcohol). On the 30th, he was
invited to the party at the community house in the shrine.
1月(その2:正月の集い)
Sake cups and bottles、酒器@常総市豊田城 |
1月(その2:正月の集い)
11日からは農作業が始まるが、14日に若餅つきが行われている。いわゆる小正月、正月の終わりの行事だろうか。17日は、七左衛門を宿として上野辨天講。「当たり鬮(くじ)、次郎右衛門、権右衛門」とある。講は宗教的行事だと思っていたが、くじ引きで夜通し楽しんでいたか。19日、奉謝宵盛(宿半左衛門)、20日、三王奉謝、とある。泊まり込みの行事のようだ。25日には、「奉謝宿予」とある。予は自分を指し、家に招いたのだろう。2月7日にも同じ記載がある。
28日には例年の通り、中寺(恐らく菩提寺)に参詣し、お神酒を献上し、30日は寮に酒に呼ばれたとのこと。寮は神社にあったと思うが公民館のようなもの。一月はお酒が多いのは、今と変わらない。
February : “Tsuji-kiri” holiday
The 11th of February was a holiday
for “Tsuji-kiri” rite which protected the village from misfortune and disease. In Funabashi (Chiba), there is "Tsuji-kiri" rite even now in which people make big straw snakes and they bring them to the shrine. People
offer sake to the snakes, then they bring snakes to the boundary of their
village. Straw snakes are fixed at the trees on the boundary. It is believed
that the snakes protect the village. This kind of rite is held in other places
even now.
Tsuji-kiri in Chiba、千葉県船橋市中野木の辻切り
http://www.city.funabashi.lg.jp/kurashi/gakushu/0005/p008867.html
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2月(辻切り休日)
11日は「辻切休日」とある。辻切りは、災厄や疫病の侵入を防ぐ行事である。船橋市の中野木では今も続いており、無形民俗文化財に指定されている。船橋市のホームページによると、毎年2月の初午に行われる。鎮守の八坂神社に集まり、藁で作ったふたつの大蛇(長さ5m半程)を本殿前で向かい合わせに据え、御神酒を飲ます。直会のあと、大蛇を集落の南西と北東の道路脇の立木に巻きつける、とのことだ。松本市には、同時期に藁で草履を作り、村のはずれにおいて疫病神が入ってこないようにする行事(事八日、コトヨウカ)がある。似ている。
March: Horse capturing
Farmers were summoned to capture horses in the horse stock farms. It was held in May last year, because the O-shikagari
event was held in March. Farming was not so busy in March, so it was good for
farmers that horse capturing was held in March. Yoshino dispatched one supervisor and 6 farmers from the 13th
to 18th. It was not held on the rainy day.
Horse stock farm in Chiba、軍馬用放牧場@鎌ケ谷市郷土資料館 |
Horse capturing facility、野馬捕り込め施設@鎌ケ谷市郷土資料館 |
From this month, they didn't frequently stay out overnight because they probably got busy for farming. Meanwhile new negotiation was starting, because the village was asked to dispatch helpers to Soka post town which is 6km away.
They held a lot of meetings to decide the number of helpers and so on.
・3月(今年も野馬追)
この月は、泊まり込みの外出が減ったように感じる。また、草加宿の助郷の話し合いが始まる。草加は、流山から6km離れており遠いと思うが、かなり広範囲から人を集めたものだ。
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Yoshino’s daily life 08, November and December in1849(嘉永2年晩秋)
Yoshino’s daily life 08, November and December in1849(嘉永2年晩秋)
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Previours post (Museum in a farming area):
Ryugasaki city museum of history and folklore 龍ヶ崎市歴史民俗資料館
Previours post (Museum in a farming area):
Ryugasaki city museum of history and folklore 龍ヶ崎市歴史民俗資料館
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