What were the fun things for Japanese more than 100 years ago? 昔の人々の楽しみとは? (2nd ed., one of three/第二版その1)
Contents
2.Four foundations in order to have a fun & full life、人生を楽しむために必要な4つの土台(Part2)
3.Just enjoy today without spending (but with pals)、そこにある「時」を楽しむ生き方(Part3)
I consider people live because it is fun. I think we don’t
live to grow as a person, not to make money; we just live to enjoy and pass our
days.
A question came to mind, which was “Did people even in the old times (pre-modern era) enjoy their life?”
There were not useful goods such as a car, were not convenient services such as internet. I research a lot; books, old diaries and exhibits of museums. My conclusion is “They enjoyed life.”
They worked as farmer or
fisherman and enjoyed tangible achievements such as harvest. They also enjoyed
traveling, hobby and sexual activity.
I would like to show you how people enjoyed life in this article.
I think there are contain helpful advices for modern people who are pressed for
time, information and material desires.
人は楽しむために生まれてきたのだと私は思っています。人間として成長するためでもなく、金を儲けるためでもなく、単に楽しむために生まれ、日々を過ごしていると思うのです。
そんな私は「不便だった江戸・明治時代の人たちも楽しめたのだろうか?」という疑問をもったのですが、いろいろと調べた結果は「楽しめた」です。自動車のような便利なモノやスマホのようなサービスが無かった時代ですが、人々は日々の暮らしを楽しんでいました。自然のなかで働いて目に見える成果を得て、旅や趣味、もちろん男女の交わりも楽しんでいたのです。
この記事はブログに記載した日記、書籍、資料館などの調査結果から、当時の人たちの楽しみ方をまとめたものです。時間に、物欲に、情報に追われる現代生活のヒントになると思います。「遊びをせんとや生まれけむ、戯れせんとや生まれけん、」(梁塵秘抄)ですよね。
1.People in the old days enjoyed daily life、 日々を楽しんでいた人たち
Japan quit the national isolation policy in
1854, so western people gradually got into our country. There first and
common impression for Japanese ordinary people was “Japanese people are
content and feel happy”.
The title of the photo below is “Happy land of the rising sun, where
song unceasing flows”. I don’t know they were
traveling entertainers or cherry-blossom viewers. The photo was taken in 1896
which was just after the victory of the Sino-Japanese War, so we have to take
it into account. Anyway, they look enjoyable.
Western people, who came from industrial
countries wherein people worked hardly at factory, probably regarded Japanese people as
cheerful and happy ones. Btw, I hear people sang while
working and walking back then.
So, what made Japanese people enjoyable? Enjoying
is an integral part of life, I believe.
Reference: Remnants
of Days Past: A Journey through Old Japan、逝きし世の面影
幕末から明治初期に来日した欧米人の第一印象は〝この国民はたしかに満足しており幸福である〟ということでした。
上の写真(1896年、お花見の一行か旅芸人一座?)のタイトルは「歌が絶えない、幸せな日本」 (Happy land of the rising sun, where song
unceasing flows、” Land of the rising sun”は日本の別称なのです)。
日清戦争(1894~1895)直後の写真なので割り引く必要はありますが、産業革命が進み厳しい工場労働が当たり前になっていた欧米人から見ると、当時の日本人は陽気で(お気楽で?)幸せな人たちだったのだと思います。仕事をしている時も、旅をしている時も歌っていたそうですよ。
では、当時の人たちを陽気にした「日々の楽しみ」は何だったのでしょうか?
楽しみは必要です。
2. Five fun things of their life、江戸・明治時代の人たちの五つの楽しみ
85 percentage of Japanese in the pre-modern
era (Edo and Meiji period, 1603-1912) lived in farming or fishing village. I have
explored their fun things and reached a conclusion “five fun things” depicted
in the figure below.
当時の日本人の85%は農山漁村で暮らす人々でした。私がたどり着いたのは上の図にある五つの楽しみです。
○ Working is the core of their fun
things、働くことが楽しみの中核
Although it would be unexpected for some
readers, I’m sure of it. All people including children and aged ones contributed
to their family and community. Therefore, they were thanked by others;
they were rewarded.
The clear differences between their working style and ours are,
(2) They worked with family members and neighbors
(3) They got tangible results such as grain or fish
They worked not only for earning but also
for enjoying. (It’s normal for Japanese, but is it
strange for you?)
A retired fisherman told in dialect, “How happy I am when pulling up fish on a boat, you
never imagine! If you get ten large tai fishes in a day, you feel great. You’d
like to drink in the evening. During a big catch, I didn’t think of earning.
I just enjoyed fishing. I really wondered why everybody didn’t become a
fisherman.”
Reference: The
Forgotten Japanese (published in 1960 )(1/6)、忘れられた日本人
part1
Japanese rice planters at dinner--eating rice (1905), you are not alone. 農作業中の賄い、一人じゃないからね(https://www.loc.gov/item/2020637910/)
「そこかよ!」と思われるかもしれませんが、「働くこと」が楽しみの中核だったと確信しています。子どもも、老人も、それぞれに適した仕事をし、家族や社会に貢献して感謝されていました。
いまの勤め人との決定的な違いは、
①自然のなかで、
②家族や仲間といっしょに働き、
③目に見える成果を得ていた
ことです。魚を釣り上げたり、稲を育て米を刈り取ったりと。
「働く」理由には、生活のために「稼ぐ」ことだけでなく「楽しみ」があったのです。
明治生まれの対馬の漁師は、〝金もうけのことなんど考えやァせん。ただ魚を釣るのがおもしろうて、世の中の人がなぜみな漁師にならぬのかと不思議でたまらんほどじゃった〟と語っています。
○ Fun of gathering、集まる楽しみ
They enjoyed free time after working (not just sleeping).
What did they do during at that time? They
gathered really frequently. They gathered, chatted, ate, drank, sang and
danced. Restaurant was seldom in a village, so they gathered at someone’s
house. It’s economic, right?
Annual events and celebrations such as
wedding ceremony were good opportunities for gathering. Their bond was too
strong, so they couldn’t die alone; it is a social problem in Japan now.
仕事のあとは、余暇の時間です。
何をしていたかというと、とにかく集まりました。集まって、しゃべって、食べて、飲んで、歌ったのです。村には飲食店がほとんどないので誰かの家で集まりました。安上がりですよねえ。
年中行事やお祝いごとなど、機会を見つけては集まっていました。ご近所さんとのつながりが強すぎて、孤独死はできませんね。
○ Fun of traveling、旅する楽しみ
Traveling was the most fun thing for them. Because, they worked and
lived in a village (they spent all time in their village). The destinations
were shrine/temple or onsen hot-spring. Why?
They were needed to get a passport to
travel. Faith (go to shrine-temple) and medical treatment (onsen) were good
reasons for application. No one could reject it.
After getting a passport, they traveled
freely. They took a detour to Kyoto and Osaka while going to Ise Shrine; it
took more than a week.
Traveling was dangerous back then, so they
departed in a group. They went on the burst together at inn; singing with a
shamisen guitar, getting a massage and so on. Fellow travelers made their trip
joyful; they were crucial.
仕事も日常生活も遊びも村の中だった当時の人たちのいちばんの楽しみは、村を出て旅をすることでした。行き先は社寺か温泉。なぜに?
通行手形には旅の行き先と目的を書く必要があったからです。信仰(社寺参詣)や治療(湯治)を旅の目的にすると、お上でも反対できませんからね。
手形をもらってしまえば、こっちのもの。寄り道たっぷりの旅でした。
お伊勢参りのついでに京都まで行くのですよ、歩いて。
当時の旅は危険が伴うので、ほとんどがグループ旅行。宿では三味線を弾いて歌って按摩さんをよんで、にぎやかな旅でした。旅仲間がいるのが楽しみを倍増させるコツですね。
○ Fun of hobby、趣味の楽しみ
They enjoyed hobby during free time. Their hobbies were elaborate such
as creating a poem and growing plant.
They needed time in order to improve
skill. “Spending time but not spending money” was a
sure style for them (they had no other option). On the contrary, our major
hobbies such as watching movie or enjoying dinner, require us to spend money
but not to make much effort. There are many hobbies that we can enjoy without
certain money.
余暇の時間には趣味も楽しみました。私たちのように、映画を見る、食べ歩きをする、というお手軽なものではありません。
詩作や植木づくりなど、時間をかけ技能を磨いて楽しむのが当時の人たちの鉄板スタイル(というか、それしかない!)。お金をかけなくてもモノがなくても楽しめる趣味はいろいろとあるものです。
○ Fun of loving、性愛の楽しみ
They enjoyed loving freely under the different ethics; it was a loose one.
The sense of chastity landed Japan in the late 19th century with western
culture and Christianity. It was not unusual for people to visit a bedroom of a
girl suddenly before marriage. It would be crime of trespassing at present if
they sue.
性愛は私たちとは異なる倫理観のもとで、大らかに楽しんでいました。
「純潔」という倫理観が入ってきたのは西洋文化とキリスト教が再上陸した明治中期です。それ以前は性に対し寛容だったのです。夜這い、とかね。ここは真似ると犯罪の危険性ありです。
Summary、まとめ
I can say that the people even in the old times (pre-modern era) enjoyed daily life cheerfully. There were almost no goods and no services by today's measure.Knowing their life leads to enjoying
lifetime without much money, I think. We couldn’t
copy their way of life, because we have already gotten abundant goods and
services. However, we can imitate their style.
I think their ways of life would give
valuable suggestion to the modern people shown below.
- A person explores joyful life after retirement.
- A person wants to escape from life of time pressure, abundant information and goods, and wants to live simply.
- A person lives or wants to live in a rural area rich in nature; it includes a person who wants to be a minimalist or an environmentalist.
意外かもしれませんが、江戸・明治時代の人たちは、陽気に日々の暮らしを楽しんでいました。
モノやサービスは今と比べると無いに等しく、シンプルな暮らしでしたが。
彼ら彼女らの暮らし方・楽しみ方を知ると、お金に頼らなくても人生を十分に楽しめる方法、そして、あなたにあった方法が見つかるでしょう。
多くのモノとサービスを手に入れた私たちは彼ら彼女らとそっくり同じシンプルライフには戻れません。しかし、楽しみ方のスタイルを真似ることはできます。
彼ら彼女らの生き方が参考になりそうなのは次の皆さんです。
- 定年後の暮らし方を模索している人
- 時間・情報・モノに追われる生活をやめ、シンプルな生き方を求めている人
- 自然豊かな環境で暮らしている人、あるいは、暮らしたい人(ミニマリストやサステイナブルな生活を目指している人も)
Baby sitters in Yokohama (1904). It seems that they have a hard time and a fun one. They were a bit older than my grandma.
子守をする横浜の娘さんたち。苦あり・楽ありって感じですかねえ。私の祖母より少し上の世代です。(https://www.loc.gov/item/2020637848/)
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Next post (part2 of this article): What were the fun things for Japanese more than 100 years ago? 昔の人々の楽しみとは?
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