“Waju” is river islands in central
Japan. Waju-life museum was a landowner’s house which has a Mizuya (or literary
water house) for evacuation from flood. The models
of foods are very interesting; we can understand their lifestyle well. “Waju museum”
which introduces their livelihood is near it.
輪中の暮らしを紹介する輪中館のすぐ近くにあります。典型的な地主建築ということで、洪水時に避難する水屋を残しています。食事の模型が展示されていました。生活の様子が良くわかります。農家の展示では珍しく、すばらしい。
「『生活のにおいが感じられる・ふれることができる』をねらいとして」とリーフレットに書かれていましたが、その通り。
The approach to the house is an upslope. The level of ordinary houses is higher than rice field by 1.2 to 1.5 meters. On the other hands, it of some landowner’s houses is higher by 3 meters. Stone wall strengthens the embankment. It looks like a samurai’s house.
門へのアプローチが登っています。通常の家で、田面から1.2～1.5ｍ高くし、地主の家では3ｍかさ上げしたものもあります。盛り土の崩壊を防ぐために石垣を積んでいます。盛り土を作るため、家の周りには堀ができ、武士の館のようです。
Residents usually lived in Omoya (main building) on the right. During flood, they lived in Mizuya on the left. The buildings were built in the late 19th century, and were restored. Let’s see the Omoya first.
右が普段生活する母屋、左が少し高い場所に作られた水屋です。明治に建てられた家を解体・修理し復元したものです。母屋から見学しましょう。
From the entrance hall, we can see tatami mat floor. There is an altar, which dedicated to ancestors, at the end; foods are exhibited on the low table in front of the alter. (The layout of the house is uploaded at the lower part of this article.)
玄関左の座敷の奥には、仏間があります。仏壇の前に、料理が並べられています。（屋敷のレイアウトはページの後の方に掲載しています）
Feast at the autumn festival is exhibited; it’s the time after rice harvesting. They made the best foods and served them on special dishes or bowls. All men went out fishing and caught carps which were valuable ingredients back then. Particular rice such as sekihan (steamed rice with red-beans), sushi rolls, inari sushi (vinegared rice is rapped by fried tofu), oshi sushi (pressed and slightly fermented sushi), were served. It’s a special dinner. Family members would have gathered and enjoyed eating.
仏壇の前に並べられているのは、秋祭りの時の料理。稲刈りが一段落し、一年で一番のご馳走をつくり、とっておきの椀や皿に載せて出しました。男衆は総出で魚捕りをし、その鮒や鯉がご馳走になりました。ご飯は、赤飯、巻き寿司、いなり寿司、押し寿司などです、と書かれています。特別ですね。ここにみんなが集まって食べたのだと思います。
The panel shows annual events and those feasts. Japanese ordinary people started eating animal meat in the 20th century, therefore vegetables and fishes were main ingredients before.
正月の雑煮から大晦日の年越し蕎麦まで書かれています。獣肉が一般的になるのは20世紀に入ってからなので、野菜と魚が食材です。
They had a party when their delegates departed to Ise Shrine; it was called "Ise mukae”, which was held on the 15th of January. People skewered ingredients and simmered. It was just eight-day round trip to Ise which was the most popular tourist destination at that time (Rural society in the Edo period and life of the village head（4/4）).
1月15日に行われる代参（伊勢むかえ）では、ちくわなどを三角にして串刺しにしたものを煮るそうです。展示品には「お伊勢参りの串刺し」と書いてあり、ミカンも刺していました。なんか面白いですね。小豆を入れた粥も作るそうです。年に一度の料理です。伊勢には、往復8日間の旅でした（庄屋日記にみる江戸の世相と暮らし（4/4））。
Documents and everyday goods of the resident are exhibited.
屋敷の所有者だった名和家の文書や日用品も展示されています。
There is a furnished room next to the dining room.
家具が整った部屋の先に、食堂があります。
Their daily foods are explained at the dining room with the wooden floor. They couldn’t eat 100% white rice until the early 20th century when their income rose because of improved rice farming and side businesses. The proportion of white rice were 30-40% and others were barley, millet, taro and so on. Especially, it was difficult to eat rice when flood occurred. It’s severe.
On the other hand, various river fishes were served as dishes other than staple food (rice). The panel shows how to cook them. In the case of crucian carp, they were boiled down with sugar, soy sauce and so on. They were also grilled, were dressed with vinegar and miso, were ate as sashimi (raw fish), or were wrapped by seasoned seaweed. I think crucian carp is not so good ingredient unlike wagu beef, however they cooked well.
板の間で、ここでは普通の日の食事が紹介されています。大正中頃に副収入や米の品種改良で生活が向上するまでは、米は3～4割で、あとはひえや麦、芋だったそうです。水害の時は更に米を食べにくくなります。意外と厳しいです。
一方、副食は川の魚介類が豊富です。様々な料理方法がパネルに書かれています。鮒では、①甘露煮、②素焼き、③刺身、④酢味噌あえ、⑤あらめ巻き（甘辛く味付けした海藻で巻いたもの）、⑤すずめ焼き（開いてタレを付けて焼く）が説明されていました。正直、美味しい食材ではないと思いますが、上手に料理しています。
The everyday food in winter were displayed when I visited in January. It was basically rice, soup, pickled vegetable and a dish. They cooked rice only in the morning; it took time and effort back then.
1月に訪問したので冬の食事が展示されていました。夕食には鮒の姿煮が付いていますが、炊きたてのご飯を食べられる朝食も良さそう。ご飯に汁物、お漬物とあと一品という感じです。この家には囲炉裏がないのが不思議です。洪水対策でしょうか。
Typical menus of suppers in each season.
夕食の基本パターンが表になっています。葉物が少なく、根菜類が多いです。コッキメシ（国旗飯、日の丸弁当）は間食に書かれています。アラレやおはぎと共に、空いた小腹を満たしたのでしょう。
There is a kitchen next to the dining room. The watering place attached to the kitchen is a feature of houses in this area which has abundant water. Well water is introduced.
食堂の先には、炊事場があり、その奥には、井戸水を家に引き込んだ水場があります。水が豊富な輪中の家の特徴です。
There are three tanks in the watering place. People washed, cooked and cooled ingredients.
The cooler box was used instead of a
refrigerator to keep food. They used natural energy well.
水場の「井戸ぶね」と呼ばれる槽は三段になっていて、洗い物や料理、スイカの冷却などをしました。
「ひやし」は冷蔵庫が普及していない時代、おかずや残り物を入れて保存したそうです。自然エネルギーをうまく使っています。
A boat for evacuation is hung at the entrance hall where was also an agricultural workshop. There is a pole to moor the boat outside.
玄関の土間は農作業のスペースです。舟を吊っていて、屋外には舟を繋ぎ止める木もあります。
Now, we move from Omoya (main building) to Mizuya (building during evacuation).
では、母屋から水屋に向かいます。
There is a staircase at the end of the hall way of Omoya. It is called “Dondo bridge” which connects two houses.
母屋の廊下の先が、水屋に上がるドンド橋です。
There are two luxurious tatami mat rooms in Mizuya. I think, it is not exclusive use during flood.
水屋は二間の立派な座敷です。非常用だけではないですね。
The room behind looks like a traditional shoin style one. Pretty dolls are displayed.
奥の間は床の間、書院風の障子付き。趣のある人形が飾られていました。
It has a good sight of the garden; it is a house for retired parents or for guests, I guess.
庭や母屋の眺めも良くて、隠居部屋かお客様用の部屋ですかね。
Outside of the house is very flat. The flat land which has rich water suits to agriculture. However, there are not many trees which were used as firewood. That's why people had to plant trees around their houses.
生活館の西側はこんな感じで平坦です。水が豊かで農業には適した土地。確かに燃料源になる森がないので家の周りに木を植える必要がありますね。
Visited in January, 2022
Official website: https://www.city.ogaki.lg.jp/0000000609.html (in Japanese), accessed in May, 2022
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