The diary of samurai officer "Genroku Otatami Bugyo" in the early Edo period (published in 1984) 、元禄御畳奉行の日記
元禄御畳奉行の日記 尾張藩士の見た浮世（神坂次郎、1984）
２．His life as a samurai 武士学入門
３．The magistrate of tatami mat 御畳奉行どの
４．Pleasant business travel 元禄社用族
５．Strange samurais おかしな侍たち
６．Love affairs of wives 浮かれ妻騒動
７．Boom of love suicides 心中ばやり
８．Case files of the castle city 城下の事件簿
９．Gossips 街談市語
10．Death of Bunzaemon 文左衛門の退場
人の楽しみの発見度：Good ★☆☆
This book is about a diary which was written in the peaceful era Genroku in the Edo period.
The writer was a samurai who was a heavy drinker, theatergoer, womanizer and diligent writer, so this was the record of the carefree samurai officer’s life. There are
many funny and interesting topics in this best seller book. I found fun of
the carefree samurai, however I knew less about fun of the ordinary people, so I
marked one star. Anyway this is a funny book worth reading.
Contents 目次
１．Diary of 8,863 days 八千八百六十三日の日記
２．His life as a samurai 武士学入門
３．The magistrate of tatami mat 御畳奉行どの
４．Pleasant business travel 元禄社用族
５．Strange samurais おかしな侍たち
６．Love affairs of wives 浮かれ妻騒動
７．Boom of love suicides 心中ばやり
８．Case files of the castle city 城下の事件簿
９．Gossip 街談市語
10．Death of Bunzaemon 文左衛門の退場
酒好き女好き芝居好き、かつ、記録マニアの侍が27年に渡り書き留めた日記をもとにした泰平の世・元禄の記録である。気楽な役人の人生という感じ。トピックス満載で、さすが中公新書のベストセラーという感じである。衣食住の心配がない武家の楽しみは分かったが、庶民の楽しみは少ししかなかったので、星ひとつ。本としては面白い。
１．Diary of 8,863 days 八千八百六十三日の日記
The writer Bunzaemon Shigeaki Asahi was a
samurai of Owari-Tokugawa clan who were relatives of Tokugawa shogun, so
it was powerful daimyo clan. By the way 2.4 tons of rice was produced in Bunzaemon's territory, so he was a middle class samurai. He started writing this diary
when he was 18, and he quit it at 44 years old which was one year before his death.
More than 50 years passed after the last internal war “Shimabara Rebellion”, therefore samurais didn’t battle then and they were just government officers. The land of
his house in Nagoya was 800 square meters and he made vegetables in his
garden. His position was Doshin (lower-ranking samurai) at first. He went to
the castle every eight days and stayed overnight to guard the castle. He got
married when he was twenty and had a girl two years later.
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Nagoya castle 名古屋城
http://nagoyajo.info/ VCPN 名古屋市名古屋城総合事務所
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日記の筆者、朝日文左衛門重章は、尾張徳川家61万石の家中にあって、知行百石、役料四十俵の武士である。家中百石以上は931人だったそうだ。日記は18歳から死の前年44歳まで記録されており、その名を「鸚鵡籠中記（おうむろうちゅうき）」という。時は、最後の戦乱・島原の乱から50年を経ており、武士も戦場を知らない地方公務員となっていた。名古屋市の文左衛門の屋敷は約250坪、屋敷内の畑では野菜を作っていたようだ。御城代組同心で、８日に一度、登城し三人の同心で宿直勤務する。文左衛門は、二十歳の時、嫁を迎え、翌々年には女子を得る。
２．His life as a samurai 武士学入門
Bunzaemon’s job was probably easy because
he just stayed in the castle with his two colleagues and seven subordinates
called “Asigaru”. They drunk sake alcohol and ate foods, some samurais wasted their lives by drinking. He worked only three days a month, so he had a lot of time. He
loved sake, so his friends invited him to drink, and he invited his friends to
drink in return.
He was into Joruri puppet show very much. He
went to the theater in a shrine again and again and he wrote “I cannot write
how fun it is.” Samurais were banned to go theaters, but he went to theaters
more than hundreds times. He described performances in detail. Those were open
air shows but many people went to see the shows.
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| Puppet show @ Hitachi City Museum、人形劇＠日立市郷土博物館 |
城での宿直は同心三人と足軽七人で、弁当をつまみに酒を飲み過ごす気楽なもので、酒で身を崩す者もあったという。何せ、月に三度の仕事、後は同僚との付き合いで時間がたっぷりあったという。文左衛門は酒好きで、友人から声を掛けられれば飲み、その返礼に、といってまた飲んでいたそうだ。
芝居には19歳の時に人形浄瑠璃にはまり、若宮八幡宮の境内に四度通って、同じ演目を見たという。何がそんなに面白いのか。「その面白さ述べ尽くすべからず」とある。武士には禁制の芝居であったが、歌舞伎も含めて百数十の観劇をしており「その芸を施し、乃至からくりの巧」など芝居そのものを楽しんでいる。興味深い記述は、江戸、京、大坂の芝居小屋には屋根があったということである。その他の地域では、屋外の公演だったが、それでも大人気だった。
Bunzaemon was intelligent, he made Chinese
poems and he knew Chinese historical books. One of his friends was a famous
person of culture, and he attended a party with them. He also liked fishing
which was banned by Tokugawa, notorious law of animal protection.
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Fishing rods @ Edo Shitamachi traditional crafts museum
鮒の釣竿＠江戸下町伝統工芸館
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一方で、文左衛門は、漢詩を作り、史書も解する。高名な文人で、450石取の武士であった天野源蔵とも交遊を深める。文人たちとの歓談「文会」は大変楽しかったようだ。私には分からない世界である。また、生類憐みの令が出ている中、釣りへも頻繁に出かけている。釣り仲間も多かったようだ。
３．The magistrate of tatami mat 御畳奉行どの
Bunzaemon luckily promoted to the magistrate when he was 27 years
old. He moved to a big residence. There were three magistrates of tatami mat,
and they were responsible for tatami mats in the castle. However their subordinates
maintained tatamis so he was free. I think there were redundant samurais after
the war time.
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Tatami rooms in Nagoya castle 名古屋城本丸御殿
https://www.nagoyajo.city.nagoya.jp/honmarugoten/21_tenjiannai/21_04_jyorakuden/index.html
名古屋市名古屋城総合事務所
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Reference：Nagoya Castle、名古屋城（article of this blog、本ブログの記事）
His wife Kei was so jealous, so he went out to
drink and to visit his friends, and he felt in love with his maid. He finally divorced
when he was 32 years old. He got married next year with Riyo who was
a daughter of the farmer. She was also jealous, so his home life was difficult.
文左衛門は幸運にも27歳の時、御畳奉行に就任する。屋敷も三百石格にグレードアップした。奉行は三人で、畳の管理をするが、実務は御畳蔵番が行っており、これまた閑職であったそうだ。武士が余っていたのだ。
妻のけいは、嫉妬が激しく、文左衛門は女中と関係を結ぶ。外泊を禁じられていた武士には、妻と妾が同居することは珍しくなかったとのこと。文左衛門は、酒に走り、友人宅を呑み歩く。けいとは結婚12年目、32歳で別れる。翌年、農家の娘りよを迎える。りよも嫉妬深く、荒れた家庭生活が生々しく書かれている。
４．Pleasant business travel 元禄社用族
The author described “The business travel was the highlight of his diary”. He went to Kyoto and Osaka to purchase tatami mats. He
went with two servants, moreover he could hire two carriers and a horse at a syukuba post town. He traveled using kago basket palanquin.
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| Kago basket palanquin @ Narita Tourist Pavilion 成田観光館 |
He arrived at Kyoto on the 26th of
April. Merchants patronized by Owari-Tokugawa clan waited at the boundary of
Kyoto. The next day, he was invited to Gion which had a lot of geisya entertainment
girls. On the 27th, he went to see sumo wrestling, and then he had a
specialty lunch which was Yudoufu (tofu in hot pot) at Nanzenji (https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Restaurant_Review-g14123896-d3674922-Reviews-Okutan_Nanzenji-Sakyo_Kyoto_Kyoto_Prefecture_Kinki.html).
After lunch, he went the theater. He watched same performance for three days. He also went out to high-class restaurants and red-light district at night. He was 28 years old at that time, so it was extraordinary experience and fun for him. It was enormous perk because all expense was paid by merchants.
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| Famous Yudoufu restaurant Okutan at Nanzenji、奥丹（京都・南禅寺） |
After lunch, he went the theater. He watched same performance for three days. He also went out to high-class restaurants and red-light district at night. He was 28 years old at that time, so it was extraordinary experience and fun for him. It was enormous perk because all expense was paid by merchants.
After enjoying Kyoto life enough, he visited
Fushimi and went to Osaka by ship. He recorded the famous waterwheel in his
diary, it would have been a joyful cruise (Yodo River Museum). He arrived at
Osaka on the 15th of May.
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| Cruise to Osaka @ Kyoto city history museum 京都市歴史資料館 |
It was written “Almost nothing was written concerning
his task as an officer in his diary during the business travel. Most of all
records were about performances in theaters and some records were about
mingling with entertainment girls.” He loved the prostitute of Osaka Shijimigawa
where was a red-light district.
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| Model of the famous theater in Osaka @ Osaka museum of History 角の芝居の模型＠大阪歴史博物館 |
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| Red-light district in Osaka @ Osaka museum of History 曽根崎の遊里＠大阪歴史博物館 |
He left Osaka on the 7th of June, I
think he enjoyed so much without considering his powerful wife. He stayed in
Kyoto seven more days and enjoyed last entertainment of his business travel. He visited tatami mat factory
on the last day and it was the only one record about his task during 56 day
travel. I was astonished.
By the way many people visited Kyoto and Osaka to seek
for entertainment and they spent money, therefore those two cities flourished. I think
people like him have supported the culture and prosperity. Entertainment is necessary
to support culture and to make cities attractive. I must say that for him. He had
a business travel four times until he was 39 years old.
日記の中で「ひときわ精彩を放っている」と書かれているのが、御用旅行である。畳表の買付けに京、大坂に出張するのである。お供に槍持ちと草履取りが付き、人足二人と馬を宿場で雇える。駕籠で移動する。
尾張藩御用達の商人が、京都の蹴上まで迎えに来ていて、翌4月26日は祇園に繰り出す。27日は相撲見物の後、南禅寺で湯豆腐、芝居見物となる。芝居好きの文左衛門は、三日続けて同じ芝居を見て、夜は商人たちの案内で料亭や遊郭に行ったという。この時、28歳。さどや楽しかったろう。費用はすべて商人持ちで、社用族と言う訳である。湯女風呂も含めてたっぷり遊んだあと、伏見見物を終えて、三十石船（淀川資料館）で大坂へ。水車見物もしっかりしている。 15日、淀屋橋では、同じ商人たちが文左衛門を迎える。接待要員のようだ。
「公用出張中の文左衛門の日記には、御畳奉行の職務に関する記述が欠片もない。あるのは京、大坂での妓たちとの交歓のほか、すべてが芝居、芝居、芝居と、芝居にかかわる文字でうずめつくされている」とある。歓楽地・蜆川（しじみがわ）の遊女に入れ込んでいたそうだ。日記では遊女の名に暗号を使用。
文左衛門が大坂から帰途に就くのは6月7日、勝気な妻がいる家庭を忘れて派手に遊びまくったという感じだ。更に、京都で悦楽の7日間。最後の日に、畳商人の職場に顔を出すが、これが56日間の出張中のただ一度の職務記録だというからすごい。
ということで、京大坂にはお金が落ち、栄えるわけだ。こういう人が文化を創っているように思う。遊んでいるけど、遊ぶことも社会に華を与えるために必要なのだ。御用旅行は39歳まで4回行われる。
５．Strange samurais おかしな侍たち
It was a peaceful era, so samurais were
unnecessary meanwhile merchants emerged vigorously. Some samurais were coward and some were addicted to drinking. Love affairs and gambles were made out in
his diary. Nagoya was a big city where 60-70 thousand people lived, so many
incidents happened and he was interested in such matters very much.
元禄時代は、大町人たちがすさまじい勢いで台頭する一方、武士は無用の戦闘集団になっていた時代であった。小心な侍も出てくる。酒に溺れる者、色恋沙汰、博打も数々書かれている。名古屋ぐらいの大都市になるといろいろおこるものだ。
６．Love affairs of wives 浮かれ妻騒動
It was written that Nagoya was known as the
city with love affairs. One hundred cases were written about only an illicit
intercourse. It seemed that women were more vigorous than samurais so they had
sex with merchants, craftsmen and monks. It was active during the Sankin-koutai
in which samurais went to Edo (old name of Tokyo) following their lord and
stayed one year. Sankin-koutai was held every two years. Hayashi’s wife was
very cheerful. She went out to the wedding ceremonies or drinking parties, and
then she played “koto” stringed instrument and sang. It was written she was
lecherous.
On the other hand, the incident in
the theater was described. A mistress and an ex-mistress of a samurai fought while
revealing hems of kimono clothes. The last one was the story of the mother of
the lord, Honjyuin was described. She became a nun when she was 35 years old,
but she was extremely prurient. She invited everyone to her room, therefore she was forced
to stay indoors at 41 years old. She lived until 75 years old. I was surprised such
kind of scandal of the lord family was dropped and recorded.
尾張徳川家時代の名古屋は「男女の愛欲のいろ濃い街」だったそうだ。日記には、密通事件だけでも100件近く書かれているという。武士より女が元気だったようで、町人や僧とも通じていた。特に参勤交代の時が盛んだったようだ。小普請組林太左衛門の妻は、近所の婚礼や宴会に出かけて行き、琴を弾じ歌を唄ったという。「婬乱也」と書かれている。また、芝居小屋で、武士の当妾と先妾が裾をあらわにした取っ組み合いをするなど色々なことが起こっている。35歳で出家した藩主の生母本寿院様は、淫乱を極め誰かれなく呼び込み、41歳で蟄居させられた。その後、75歳まで生きた話も記載されている。漏れ聞こえてくるものだ。
７．Boom of love suicides 心中ばやり
In the end of the 17th
century, love suicides boomed. It was unclear whether the famous love suicide
story of Joururi puppet show written by Monzaemon Chikamatsu affected it or not.
It was recorded that 900 people died because of love suicides in Kyoto and
Osaka in the term of only one year and half. The population of two cities was 300-400 thousand
each at that time (FYI). The current suicide rate is less than one-third of the
love suicide rate at that time. I was surprised that there was a book called “The
directory of the love suicides in Kyoto and Osaka area”. 35 love suicides in
Nagoya were written in his diary. He was curious so he went to the scene of the
love suicide. He wrote the patrol was his task, so he must go to the scene rapidly.
元禄末期には、近松門左衛門の曽根崎心中の影響か情死が増えた。京、大坂では、一年半で900余人が心中したと記録されている。当時の京、大坂の人口はそれぞれ30～40万人、今は京都市150万人、大阪市270万人だから、人口を考慮すると一年半で5,400人、年換算で3,600人が心中していることになる。今の総自殺者数の３～５倍が心中しているのだからやはり多い。「心中恋のかたまり」（上方情死人名鑑）という本があるのが驚きだ。日記にも名古屋城下の35件の心中が記されている。芝居好きの文左衛門は心中の現場にもお役目の見廻りと称して行っている。
８．Case files of the castle city 城下の事件簿
The stories of robbers, frauds and thrift ordinances were written
here.
盗賊の話、倹約令の話、詐欺師の話、が記されている。
９．Gossips 街談市語
People at that time seemed to like rumors and
gossips. The stories of hobgoblin foxes, ghosts and curses by visiting a shrine
in the midnight “Ushi-no-toki-mairi” were written. My late grandma used to tell me “It was dark at night in the old days, so foxes infested and teased people”.
I am not sure it was true or not, however I heard several similar stories about
teases by foxes from elder acquaintances when I was a child. To hear this kind of stories would be
fun, I think. The revenge incident by Akou samurais in Edo in 1702 was written
in this diary. The incident became the themes of the film “47 RONIN” in 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47_Ronin_(2013_film)) and many Japanese films. It was also famous at that time.
The recession of the end of the 17th
century affected people so much. The stories of famine of farmers, samurai beggars
and very poor were written too.
元禄の人々は噂好きだったらしい。丑の刻参り、狐の話、妖怪の話。私の亡き祖母によると、昔は街灯がなく、夜は暗くて狐などが跋扈し、人をだましたとのこと。真偽はさておき、このような話も楽しみの一つであったのではないかと思う。赤穂浪士の討ち入りの話も書かれている。元禄末期は、経済状況が悪く、農民で餓死する者、武士で乞食になる者、極貧の話もある。
10．Death of Bunzaemon 文左衛門の退場
He suffered from intoxication of sake, thus
jaundice and liver cirrhosis appeared. I guess the quality of sake was not so good
then. He suffered from hangover and he wrote frequently “I vomit often, and it
damages me.” His parents tried to stop him from drinking, but he continued
drinking. He wrote “The sake last night hurt me very much. I vomited white foam”, and after that he stopped writing two days later. That was the 29th of December. He died
on the 14th of September of the following year. He was 45 years old.
文左衛門の体は、酒毒に犯されていく。黄疸や肝硬変の症状が出てくる。酒の質も悪かったのだろうが、二日酔いも激しく、「吐すること甚だしく、甚だ懲る（こりる）」などしばしば書かれており、父母も止めており、母は遺言している。酒は続き、「昨夜の酒に痛み甚だし。水泡を吐く。」と記して、二日後、12月29日に絶筆になる。死去は翌年、9月14日。45歳であった。
Reference : Biggest Red-light-district in the Edo period in Tokyo
The Great Yoshiwara (published in 2018) 吉原はスゴイ
Reference : Biggest Red-light-district in the Edo period in Tokyo
The Great Yoshiwara (published in 2018) 吉原はスゴイ
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