Kitamuki Kannon(temple) and Bessho hot-spring resort are in central Japan (Nagano prefecture). It is written, “This temple is juxtaposed Zenkoji Temple (one of the most famous temples) to the south, and it was once said that without paying respects at both temples, one would become unbalanced.” Powerful clans ruled this area and they donated temples. However, not only temples but also the hot-spring and local foods have been magnetic for ordinary people; many travelers have visited here.
長野県上田市の北向観音は、南向きの善光寺と相対し、両尊を参詣しなければ片参りになるといわれてきました(通常、寺院は南向きに建てられています)。この地は、鎌倉時代に北条氏が支配。その後も真田氏などの豪族が支配して、名刹が建てられてきました。寺院の魅力もさることながら、庶民にとっては、名湯・別所温泉も魅力。北国街道から約10km離れていますが、多くの旅人が立ち寄ったのでしょう。
There are shops along the approach to the temple.
参道には、店が並びます。
I went into the temple ground. The hot-spring water is supplied to the hand-washing font. We can sense the scent of sulfur while washing hands and mouth. It is named “Jihi (loving-kindness)-no-yu(hot water)”. It's a blessing. (The photo was taken in February, 2024).
境内に入ります。手水舎には温泉が。温かく、口をすすぐと硫黄の匂いを感じます。湧出している湯は、「慈悲の湯」。ありがたいですね(2024年2月撮影)。
The main hall of Kitamuki Kannon. It is at the heart of Bessho hot-spring resort. It is said that the resort was developed more than 1400 years ago.
常楽寺の北向観音・本堂。1400年以上続くといわれている別所温泉の中心街にあります。
After praying to the Kannon, I backed to the approach where inns and souvenir shops are packed in a narrow valley. I took a bath at Taishi-no-yu on the upper right. Although the bus tub is small, the water of mildly alkaline simple sulfur spring streamed into the tub and went out. The fee was just ¥200. It’s a benefit of the Kannon.
参拝を終え、参道へ。狭い谷に旅館や土産物屋がひしめいています。大師湯(右上)に入りました。狭いですが、源泉掛け流しの弱アルカリ性の単純硫黄泉。しかも、料金は200円(訪問時)。ご利益ですね。
In 2025, it took 1200 years after establishment. The secret image opened to the public at the first time, therefore, many people visited. (The photo was taken in November, 2025)
2025年は開創1200年を迎え、秋に64年ぶりの前立本尊御開帳、同時に本尊の扉がはじめて開かれ、御本尊を御簾越しに拝観することができました(2025年11月)。
I didn’t get in the line to see the image, but I touched the pillar (Ekou-bashira) which rope connected to the image. I’m happy enough.
信心が薄い私は、前立本尊の御手と結ばれた回向柱に祈願。ありがたいことです。
Exhibition room of the hot-spring history in Bessho Onsen Center、別所温泉センター 温泉歴史資料展示室
The exhibition room which is as large as a half classroom is in Bessho Onsen Center (upper left). It says, “The efficacy of the hot-spring has been well-known since ancient times. People have thought that deity and Buddha have given the efficacy; therefore, the Kannon was enshrined at first, which is “Kitamuki Kannon”. Thereafter, three temples were established. Bessho became Buddhism and academic center.” The hot-spring is the origin of the area, isn’t it?
別所温泉センター(左上)に、教室半分ほどの広さの展示室があります。“古代からこの出湯の効能は広く知れわたり、それが神仏の霊験と考えられてまず観音様がまつられた。北向観音がそれである。この観音を中心として長楽・安楽・常楽のいわゆる三か寺ができ、別所は仏教・学問の中心地ともなった”と書かれています。温泉がスタートなのですね。
Excavations and so on are displayed.
発掘品なども展示されています。
The rain-making ritual “Take(mountain)-no-Nobori(banner)” is exhibited. It started in 1504. Locals make dragon-shaped banners and climb the mountain (upper right). They pray for rain, then, return Bessho; they offer sasara-dance and lion-dance. The fabrics of banners prevent people from illness, so locals make clothes or futon (bedding) from the banners.
参考:https://japan-heritage.bunka.go.jp/ja/culturalproperties/result/5071/
7月15日頃に行われる岳の幟。1504年に始まったといわれる雨乞い行事です。竹竿の先に色とりどりの布を付け、竜をかたどった幟を立て、山に登ります(右上)。祈願の後は、別所温泉にもどりササラ踊りや獅子舞を奉納。幟にした布で着物や布団を作って身につけていると無病息災だそうですよ。
The layout above (copy) is the villa of the daimyo lord; he stayed to take the hot-spring bath. The good point was there was a bathroom for villagers. (Reference: UEDA City Museum)
1786(天明6)年の上田別所御茶屋絵図(コピー)。上田藩主が湯治に利用しましたが、村人らが使える浴室もありました。ありがたいですね。(参考:上田市立博物館)
It is said the villa was near the public bathhouse “Ooyu” above. The bathhouse has an inner and an outer bathtub. It’s good!
御茶屋は大湯の付近にあったといわれています。大湯には内湯の他に露天もあり、ゆったりです。
The place above is “Guard Station Ruins”. While a daimyo lord stayed, villagers stationed at three guard houses. Those were used for 250 years until the 1868 Meiji Restoration.
大湯の近くの番所跡の看板。藩主の滞在時は、3ヶ所の番所で村人が警戒にあたったそうです。
The autumn leaves were so beautiful in November. The pagoda is designated as a national treasure.
御開帳の時は、紅葉も見頃。国宝に指定されている安楽寺の八角三重塔。映えますね。一層目に見えるのは裳階(ヒサシ)だそうです。
The approach leads to Bessho-Onsen Station. I bought good tofu there (lower right). Specialties are important for visitors!
参道は、別所温泉駅へと下っていきます。途中で買った豆腐と青豆豆腐(右下)。どっしりとした田舎豆腐で、鍋にも合いました。門前に名物は必要ですよね。
The other specialty is Matsutake mushroom. Temporary restaurants open in autumn and serve Matsutake cuisine. It strongly smells, so foreign people don’t like. However, Japanese love the scent and the taste. I’ll show you the photos of the course meal below. The mushroom is cooked in various ways.
別所温泉の現代の名所は、松茸小屋。松茸山のオーナーが開いている季節営業の店(9月上旬~11月下旬の松茸があるときだけ営業)です。農業用ビニールハウスのような場所でいただきます。フルコースの料理を提供順に写真をアップします。
The rice and the soup were the last dishes. The scent remained in my mouth, so I hesitated to have another food.
最後は松茸ご飯。食べ終わった後も、しばらく松茸の香りが口に残り、他の物を食べるのがもったいない感じでした。香りの強い松茸は海外では好まれないそうです。
I went to the temple and pray. Then, I took a hot-spring bath and had a local meal. I understand why Bessho has been so magnetic.
観音様に参り、お風呂に入り、山の物をいただく(人気の蕎麦店もあります)。昔から人びとの足が向くのもわかりますね。
Visited in 2024 and 2025
Previous post (gate-front town in the same prefecture): Zenkouji (temple)
and Chokkura-Oirai hall、善光寺とちょっ蔵おいらい館
Next post (museum
in the neighboring town): Aoki village folk museum、青木村民俗資料館(Coming soon)
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