The museum is in mountainous area in
central Japan (Nagano prefecture). Mukaiyama Masashige (1904-1990) was a
teacher, a researcher of folklore and a poet. The museum in his home town shows
us his works.
長野県南部の伊那地方にある民俗資料館です。向山氏（1904-1990）は、地元・宮田村で教鞭をとっていた民俗学研究家であり、歌人です。
The museum is in Miyada village hall which also has a library and a lecture room.
資料館は図書館や研修室がある宮田村民会館の中にあります。
The panel at the entrance says, “In a rapidly changing world, all family members gather by an irori fireplace and chat. It is fun and sad in a life of ordinary people, and is the root of human history; he thought like that. He lived in his home town which is also his research subject. His research achievements show us locals who have lived together and have tried various measures.” I guess interesting things for him were to investigate such a human activity.
入口横のパネルは、“激しく移り変る世に一家うちそろっていろりを囲んで談笑ではじまる名もなき民の喜び悲しみ、このあたりまえの人間の生活、そこに人間の歴史の根本があるという考えのもとに郷土にあって郷土を研究する先生の『同郷人の学』は私達に自然の恵みをうけつつ、工夫をこらし、共生してきた人々の姿を語ってくれます”と書かれています。そのようなことを調べ知ることが彼の楽しみだったと思います。
Exhibits in the exhibition room which is as large as three classrooms, are almost about his research achievements.
展示室は教室三つ分ぐらい。ほとんどが向山氏の業績の展示です。
He wrote on his notebooks in small letters while interviewing. He was not only meticulous but also loved to know how ordinary people lived.
彼の野帳（フィールドノート）が展示されています。小さな字で事細かに書かれています。好きだったのですね。
His items for study are exhibited. He packed a tape recorder, underwear, foods and so on in his backpack.
He went out at least three times a month
(on Sunday), and talked to locals. He said, “I’m not particular about a
location. There is a finding at everywhere if people live. I don’t
choice an interviewee; I talk to someone I meet at a roadside. It unexpectedly
works well”. He walked with a question why a person does it. Intellectual
curiosity moved him.
「民俗調査の実際」のコーナーです。リュックにテープレコーダーに下着と食べものなどを持って出かけたそうです。
日曜日は月に三度は調査に出て、土地の人に話しかけました。“どこでもいいんです。何かあるんです。人間が暮らしている限りは。私は人を選ばない。道端でぶつかった人に聞く。その方が案外いい。“と言います。どうしてこんなことをしているのだろうと問題意識を持って現地に立ちました。まさに知の楽しみですね。
The collection of straw sandals (waraji) is excellent. He researched how various types of straw sandals were used. The giant ones (around 1.5 meter long) are displayed near the entrance (lower right). He said, “The sandals clearly tell us how people stood on the earth and worked.”
草鞋の展示が秀逸です。向山氏は、草鞋それぞれの用途を調べました。入口には1.5ｍ位の草鞋が置かれていて（右下）、“大地をふまえて働く人びとの生きざまを あざやかに語って尽きない ワラジである”と氏の言葉が添えられています。
His interview in 1972 was written in his notebook. A farmer said, “It takes a hour to make a pair of straw shoes, so we can make eight pairs a day. We do it in winter because of agricultural off-season. If we wear all out during a farming season, we make them in the evening.” “A farmer who wears out a hundred pairs of shoes a year, never be in trouble due to food shortage. Because a person wears out a pair of shoes in three days, so he works three hundred days a year; he is a hard worker.”
He heard such kind of topics, satisfied his
curiosity and reported it. I’m sure it is fun for him. The photo is the scene
of an interview to an elderly farmer who made shoes by the irori fireplace.
伊那市での聞き書き（1972年）には、草鞋一足を作るのには１時間かかる、一日に作るのは８足ぐらい。農耕がない、冬の藁仕事の時に作るが、農耕期に足らなくなったら、夜なべをして作る、と書かれています。
また、“一年に草鞋を百足穿く人は食いっぱぐれがない”といわれています。畑仕事では、草鞋は３日で一足、働き者ということです。
こんな話を聞きながら、知的好奇心を満たし、発表していくのは楽しいでしょうね。（右下は、藁仕事をしている老人から聞き書きをする向山氏）
People made various things from straw. Half items in the showcase are shoes. Raincoat, bag (lower right) and so on were made from straw. It’s environmental-friendly activity.
「ワラの活用と人々のくらし」の展示ケースも、半分が履き物です。履き物だけでなく、雨具も入れ物（かます、右下）も藁で作りました。リサイクルですね。
Weaving machines and a license tag of the manufacture (lower right, a carpenter) are exhibited. I was surprised that it seems easy to make the tag illegally.
機具（はたご）の改良品と、それを作った大工の鑑札が展示されています。意外と簡単で偽造できそうな札なのでびっくりしました。
Dolls for Japanese puppet theater (Ningyo Joruri) are exhibited. The show was played at Ohtagiri in the village. A puppeteer Yoshida (1831-1883) came from Osaka and settled at the village. Thereafter, the puppet theater flourished. The puppet troupe was invited played at various areas until early 20th century. Puppet show is popular in the region even until now.
こちらは大田切人形、人形浄瑠璃のコーナーです。大田切では、人形浄瑠璃が上演されてきましたが、大阪で人形遣いをしていた吉田金吾（1831-1883）が、宮田村に住みついて以来、盛んになり、大田切人形連は他村に招かれて興行するようになりました。昭和の初めまで上演されていました。伊那地方では今も人形浄瑠璃が継承されています。
Visited in January, 2024
Official website: https://www.vill.miyada.nagano.jp/life-pages/c-11069 (in Japanese. Automatic translation is attached), accessed in September, 2025
Miyada post-town、宮田宿
There are several old buildings in the town. The one at upper right was a site of the inn for exalted travelers (honjin).
少し古い建物が残っています。古い門の横に本陣所在地と書かれています。
The inn was moved to the foot of mountain and is opened to the public except for winter.
本陣の旧新井家住宅は山側に移築され保存されています（冬期休館）。
The Ohtagiri river on the south side of the town was dangerous; travelers died.
宿場の南側「人取り川」ともよばれた難所の太田切川の渡しがあります。渡しを越えると、駒ヶ根市です。
Kunio Yanagita Memorial Museum、柳田國男館
Dr. Yanagita (founder of Japan folklore) was
a teacher of Mukaiyama above.
向山雅重が教えを受けた一人が柳田國男（日本民俗学の創始者）でした。
Yanagita’s residence was moved from Tokyo to Iida which is his hometown. The building (upper right) is at the castle site.
東京にあった柳田の家を、本籍があった伊那の飯田市に移築したのが柳田國男館です。飯田城跡の空堀を越えた先に建物（右上・全体写真）があります。同じく城跡にある飯田市美術博物館の分館です。
Scholars of folklore gathered at the room above, and exchanged knowledge about ordinary people such as farmers. I felt a gap between those two groups (scholars in the study room and farmers in the field).
このような豪華な部屋に民俗学徒が集まり、百姓など常民について話をしていました。ちょっとギャップがありますね。
History of Yanagita and so on are exhibited through panels.
柳田の原体験など、紹介パネルが何枚か展示されています。
The Edo-higan sakura tree “Yasutomi-sakura” which estimated tree age was four hundred years fully bloomed. A family took a commemorative photo in front (they probably attended at a wedding ceremony). What a peaceful day it was!
訪問時は樹齢推定400年のエドヒガン桜が満開。飯田城主の家老・安富氏邸近くにあったので、安富桜と呼ばれています。何とも平和な日でした。
Visited
in April, 2025
Official website: https://www.iida-museum.org/guidance/related-facility/yanagida/
(in Japanese), accessed in September, 2025
Previous post (museum in the neighboring city): Komagane
folklore museum and museums in the mountainous city、駒ヶ根市民俗資料館と駒ヶ根市の資料館
Next post (museum in
the neighboring city): Ina-City Souzou-kan and Inabe post-town、伊那市創造館と伊那部宿(coming soon)
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