Otari Village in central Japan (Nagano prefecture) is in a snowy area. Locals suffered from not only snow but landslide. However, they have established livelihoods, and have enjoyed events such as New Year’s Day.
小谷村は長野県北部・白馬の北側にある豪雪地帯です。雪だけでなく地滑りなどの自然災害を受けてきました。そのような中でも、人々は日々の暮らしを営みつつ、お正月などの行事を楽しんできたことがよく分かります。
The building was constructed in the early Meiji period (1868-1912); it was also utilized as a village office.
郷土館は明治初めに建てられた建物で、村役場としても利用されていました。
At the entrance hall, we can see the section which exhibits dinosaur footprints. The history and folklore sections are behind it. If we look up, we find thick beams which hold up the roof and heavy snowfall on it.
エントランスからは恐竜の足跡の化石が見えます。その奥は歴史や民俗の展示です。見上げると雪の重みに耐える屋根を博物館の太い梁が支えています。
The section shows an old highway (Chikuni kaidou, a.k.a Salt Road) which linked Itoigawa (cost city) and Matsumoto (inland city). The transit-duty which was charged at Chikuni checkpoint is written on the panel above. Not only salt but also fishes such as salmon passed there. The transit-duty per volume depended on fish species; the duty of salmon was high and the one of sardine was low.
当地の歴史や日本海(糸魚川)と長野県中部(松本)を結ぶ塩の道・千国街道の展示コーナーです。松本藩・千国番所を通るときの税額が示されています。塩だけでなく、鮭などの魚も内陸部に持ち込まれました。鰯と鮭など魚種によって税率が異なりました。
Otari is in a valley along Himegawa (river) which runs in to the Sea of Japan; landslide and avalanche have hit locals. The landslide in 1911 stopped a flow, then a mudflow including rocks finally washed away a village.
The rope on the lower right was used to connect their house and a tree. The stakes on the upper right were driven at hazardous spots; those were given by Togakushi Shrine. Floods are well control now, so trains and cars run beside the river. However, it was harsh natural environment. Chikuni highway was apart from the river, which was in mountains.
小谷は豪雪地帯であるだけでなく、峡谷で山崩れや雪崩に苦しんできました。稗田山大崩落(1911年8月)では、土砂が日本海へと流れる姫川をせき止め、最後は土石流となって下流の集落(来馬)を壊滅させました。
柱と木を結ぶ家繋ぎの綱(右下)、地滑りが起こらないように祈願して打ち込む御杭(右上)が展示されています。今は、治水が整い、川の近くを鉄道や道路が通りますが、厳しい自然環境でした。千国街道も水害に遭わないように高い場所を通っていました。
The fulls-cale model above is an irori fire place room which existed everywhere until the early 20th century. The grandma doll tells us how inconvenient her life was before electricity was supplied. It is written, “Family members gathered beside the irori. Therefore, old stories passed down to the next generation probably.” Nuclear family which house doesn’t have an irori room, a private room for each family member and rapidly changing society cause discontinuation of old stories, I think.
昭和初期の頃までの民家の囲炉裏部屋が再現されています。電気が無かった時代の不便さなどをお婆さん(人形)が語ってくれます。「家族団欒の中心的役割を持っていた囲炉裏があったからこそ、(昔話が)子供や孫へと語り継がれ、現代まで伝えられてきたものかもしれません」と書かれています。三世代で住まなくなったこと、家族団欒の場がなくなり、スマホなど個人個人の生活になっていること、加えて社会の変化が速くなったことが伝承を途絶えさせていますね。
Men in Otari went away to work during winter; they worked at sake (alcohol) breweries. Around four hundred men did it in the peak time (1945 to 1965). Tools for brewing are exhibited. Afterward, tourist business such as skiing flourished. Local men started working in the village even in winter.
小谷の男たちは、「酒屋もん」として出稼ぎに行きました。冬の仕事です。最盛期の昭和20年代、30年代には400人いたといわれていますが、40年代になって観光産業などで冬の就労が増え、酒屋もんは少なくなりました。信州で人気のお酒、大雪渓などのラベルが貼られています。
Farmers hung the straw items on waist and lit them. Herbs such as mugwort was in them; their smoke drove mosquito away.
農作業中に蚊を追い払うカベ。ヨモギなどを入れて腰に付けて焚きます。
Forestry equipment is necessary in Otari.
山の道具は、この地域(大北地域と呼ばれています)の必須品ですね。
Everyday utensils are exhibited. The heart-warming story is written on the article of the newspaper. After the WW2, goods were shortage. A mother made thread by fibers of plants and tailored a suit for her son who was getting married.
It says, “It was a time when we were thrift. We lived based on self-sufficient. However, after around 1960, we started to throw out thing what we can still eat or can still wear. It is unprecedented in history.” We are burdening the earth too much, so we may have to live like the mother in future. The local fabric which was made by teared old clothes is also exhibited.
生活用品が展示されています。新聞には、終戦直後の物が無い時代に、結婚する息子用にイラクサからスーツを仕立てた母親の話が載っています。イラクサは昔から衣服の材料にしていたとのこと。
「つつましく自給自足の生活原則を守り通していた時代だった」と書かれています。また、「(昭和30年代を境に)まだ食べられ使えるものまで捨てるという、史上例を見ない時代を迎えた」と書かれています。地球に負荷をかけ続けている現在、また、昭和30年代以前の暮らしに戻る必要があるかもしれませんね。破れたり汚れたりした着物などを裂いて織り直して布製品として利用する「ぼろ織り」も紹介されていました。
Lunch boxes are displayed, too. Those are utensils but elaborate.
お弁当箱なども展示されています。丁寧な仕事ですね。
The large red tray on the lower right was used at the end of a party. Simmered foods, wild vegetables and snacks were served on it. Those were treats back then. It’s a luxurious tray.
右下の広盆(ヒロボン)は、宴の終わりに大びら(煮物など)や長皿(山菜料理など)、重ね鉢(肴)などを載せて振る舞うお盆です。華やかなお盆ですね。
The similar tray above is displayed in Chikuni local museum.
千国の庄史料館に展示されている広盆です。
The housecoat for a child is impressive, which was made for a physically weak child. The family gathered a piece of cloth from a hundred people, and made the coat. Their praying reached to me.
体が弱い子のために作られた百継ぎのチャンチャンコ。百人から布をもらい着物を作りました。見ている我々にも願いが届きますね。
Customs in January are exhibited. In spite of a heavy snow, locals have enjoyed various event.
1月の習俗が紹介されています。雪深さに負けず、お正月のさまざまな行事を楽しんだのだと思います。
It is written “the 13th month” on it. It is said that a demon comes to a house and watches the board. He would wonder why 13th month, and he watches closer. Then, he would be stubbed by needle−shaped leaves by the board. He would run away. It is a talisman which is set at an entrance and windows.
十三月と書かれた魔除けは玄関や窓に挿します。鬼が不思議に思って顔を近づけると板に付けたガヤ葉で目を突いて逃げていくという算段です。閏年には十二月と書きます。十三月というのは、木曽の大桑村にもありました。
Locals make the wooden dolls (Dosojin) for a fire festival on the 15th of January at rice fields and so on.
小正月の行事に作る道祖神(右)。15日の夜には田んぼなどで火祭りをすると書かれていますから、どんど焼きのような行事でしょうか。
The head priest of Suwa Taisha (shrine) drives the sickles (nagi-kama) on trees in Otari. It means the trees are the border of the territory of Suwa deities. The ritual is held every six years, which is a year before the On-bashira festival (reference: On-bashira Museum Yoisa).
御柱祭の前年に諏訪大社の宮司が県境に来て、薙鎌を打ちます。諏訪明神の神威が直接及ぶ範囲を示すものといわれています。
Visited in July, 2024
Official website: https://www.vill.otari.nagano.jp/www/contents/1001000000194/index.html
(in Japanese), accessed in August, 2024
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