The huge museum in western Japan displays
lots of exhibits including science. I focus on folklore (theme of this blog)
and the history of prayer. I’ll also write about Tottori-han which
was the local government in the Edo period (1603～1868).
The exhibits above are comma-shaped-beads (magatama), on which small beads were attached. Therefore, those are called “Komochi-Magatama”, or literally Magatama which has children. It is said people prayed for the prosperity of their descendants and rich harvest. Only fifteen magatama like those were excavated in Tottori Prefecture.
原始時代の「子持ち勾玉」という、大型の勾玉に小さな勾玉を付けたものがありました。子孫繁栄や豊穣を祈ったものと考えられています。県内で見つかったのはわずかに15個（13カ所）。
Tools to make magatama and semi-manufactured products are exhibited. Magatama were manufactured all over Japan, however Izumo Province, which was next to Tottori, became the manufacturing center in around the fifth century. Those were distributed to various places.
玉を作る道具や半製品が展示されています。玉は各地で作られていましたが、古墳時代になると碧玉の生産地であるお隣の出雲に産地が集約されました。流通機能があったということですね。
After the introduction of Buddhism into Japan, the way of prayer changed. The bottle-shaped containers above were used to bury Buddhist sutra in the ground. In the Heian period (794-1185), it was believed that Buddhism would decline at that time, so people prayed to reborn in the Buddhist paradise. They buried sutra and prayed.
仏教が入ると祈り方も変わります。経典を土中に埋めた経塚。末法の時代（平安時代）に浄土への生まれ変わりを願いました。
“Shugen-dou” (mountain worship) also developed in the Heian period. Daisen-ji (temple) in Mt Daisen was the center of the worship. The replica of the picture roll above shows the history of the temple; Jizo Bodhisattva, who is said to have appeared at the top of Mt. Daisen, tenderly watches over people who are planting rice. On the other hand, priests of the temple battled with ones of the other temple. Many things have happened in the real world.
Reference、参考: Daisen Museum of Nature and History、大山自然歴史館
平安時代には、修験道も発展しました。その拠点となる大山寺の縁起絵巻（複製）には、大山にゆかりが深いお地蔵様が田植えをする人々を見守るほのぼのとした絵が描かれています。でも、大山寺と三仏寺の僧兵は戦いを繰り広げました。三仏寺は崖の洞窟に作られている投入堂が有名な寺です。
In the peaceful Edo period (1603～1868), the kylin (imaginary animal) dance began. The first lord of Tottori established the shrine dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu who was the first shogun of Edo Bakuhu. The dance started at that time. It has spread to all over Tottori (around 150 places); It has also spread to the neighboring prefecture (Hyogo, around ten places) and to Hokkaidou where Tottori people moved. The event which was initiated by the local ruler has penetrated into people. It is not only a festival for the shogun but also the good entertainment for people, I think.
時代が下って、戦乱がなくなった江戸時代。角を持つ麒麟の獅子頭で舞う麒麟獅子舞です。
鳥取藩初代藩主が、鳥取東照宮を建立し権現祭を始めた時に舞われたのが起源といわれています。鳥取各地約150カ所だけでなく、お隣の兵庫北部で約10カ所、更に、鳥取市民が移住した北海道（釧路市、利尻町）でも行われています。お上が始めた行事が民衆の行事として浸透しています。「娯楽のネタ」と言ったら失礼でしょうか。
People have made various ritual equipment by rice straw which is byproduct of rice. In the event, Mr. Sanemori (lower right) on the horse takes insect pest to the outside of their village. He is a hero.
藁を用いた祈りの展示も充実しています。サネモリさんは、虫送りの行事です。この地（若桜町）のサネモリさん（斎藤実盛、右下）は、馬に乗って、害虫を引き連れて村から出て行く英雄です。
People offer a dragon to a village shrine in a harvest festival. The fingers look like real. People have had a ritual and have prayed since long-time ago, but the element of entertainment has developed as time goes on, I think.
収穫感謝の祭りでは、藁蛇が奉納されます。指がリアルです。祈りの気持ちは同じだと思いますが、江戸時代になると娯楽の面が強くなったような気がします。
In a Girls’ Festival, they float the pretty dolls on a river. The dolls bring bad luck away.
流し雛。かわいいですね。災厄をお雛様に持っていってもらいます。
The farm house which existed around 150 years ago was rebuilt. There are many utensils in the room, which were used. The mortar on the lower left removed rice husk; people sang while working.
約150年前の農家が復元されています。室内には様々な民具が置かれています。左下は、田臼（たうす）。籾すりの道具、みんなで綱を引く作業です。この時の歌った歌が民謡として残っています。
At the section of “Food culture in Tottori Pref.”, twelve foods are highlighted. The Matsuba crab stands out.
博物館で鳥取の代表的な食を12件選んだレプリカです。松葉ガニが目立ちすぎ！
Tottori-han、鳥取藩
The Tottori-han was the twelfth largest among around three hundred hans. Tottori people back then would be proud of it. Various related objects such as armors are exhibited.
鳥取藩池田家は32万石、12番目の石高の大大名でした。領民のみなさんの自慢だったと思います。武具など様々な品が展示されています。
The table above shows the ranking of castle cities which was published in the Edo period. Tottori is written in the top column. Japanese like ranking.
江戸では、都市（城下町）のランキング表「国々繁盛の地、道のり案内」も作られていました。日本人は番付好きです。大藩の鳥取藩は最上段（前頭）に書かれています。
Each lord had to go to Edo and to stay there for two years to serve a shogun; it is called “Sankin-koutai”. The map above shows the route from Tottori to Edo, which is around 700km. The lord traveled 183 times; I’m not sure why it is odd number.
1,172 people accompanied the lord in 1852; around twenty percent of them were samurai and the other were servants. In 1812, the expense was three million dollars at present value (1$=130\). They paid 43 percent of it to carriers, 27 percent as horse charge and 5 percent to inns. It benefited the locals.
The list of expense of a samurai is shown (lower right). Souvenirs such as chopsticks and talismans are also listed. Samurai were not allowed a private trip. So, it was probably fun for them, although they had to walk 35km a day in average.
Btw, I introduce the post town next to Tottori in the next article.
Reference:Chizu Town and Chizu history museum
参勤交代のルート、宿泊地、休憩地がパネルで示されています。江戸まで約700ｋｍ。片道で数えると183回の通行でした。奇数です。東海道を使うことが多かったとのことです。
1852年は1,172人の行列で藩士は約２割。８割は奉公人などが占めました。1812年の支出は、1,957両（現在の金額で約4億円）で、人足費が43％、駄賃が27％を占め、宿泊は5％でした。通過する地域を潤しました。
鳥取藩士（従者）のお金の使い道の表があって（右下）、お土産の簪や御守も載っています。私的な旅行がなかった武士にとって楽しみがあったかもしれませんが、一日平均35kmほどの徒歩旅行。お疲れ様です。
なお、次の記事で、鳥取の次の宿場町：智頭町を紹介します。
参照：智頭町と智頭町歴史資料館
The printing in 1723 shows the timings of “Sankin-koutai” (lords’ trip between Edo and their territories). People, especially tour business, wanted to know the schedules. Around three hundred lords traveled every two years.
この図は参勤交代の大名の時期を示す刷り物です（1723）。４グループに分かれていて、どの大名がいつ参勤し、いつ帰国するかが分かります。「参勤交代の時期を知りたいという民間のニーズに応えたものだろう」と書かれています。
The photo above is the ruin of Tottori Castle. There was a castle tower at the summit. Although it burned out in 1692 due to the lightning strike, it wasn’t rebuilt; the wartime had already finished. The museum is at the left of the castle ruin.
鳥取城の城跡です。山頂に天守櫓がありましたが、1692年に落雷で焼失した後は再建されませんでした。戦乱がない時代になりました。博物館は左側にあります。
Every tourist visits Tottori Sand Dunes, which is the most popular destination in Tottori.
鳥取で一番の観光スポット、鳥取砂丘。
Visited in November, 2022
Official website: https://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/museum/
(in Japanese), accessed in May, 2023
Previous post (museum in the same
prefecture): Daisen Museum of Nature and History、大山自然歴史館
Next post (neighboring post town and its museum): Chizu Town and Chizu history museum、智頭町と智頭町歴史資料館
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