Yashio, which is a neighboring city of the central Tokyo, used to be in a marsh area. However, it is being developed after the railroad service to Tokyo started in 2005. Here, we can understand how people have utilized water.
The permanent exhibition room is as large as two class rooms.
常設展示室は教室二つぐらいの大きさです。
The title of the ancient period is “Start of the life in waterside”. It was a marsh area, so the water transportation developed even in the old time.
古代の展示のタイトルは「水辺での生活の開始」です。低湿地ゆえ、河川交通が発達していました。
The theme of the medieval period, when samurai warriors emerged, is “Utilization of the river”.
武士が台頭した中世のテーマは「川の利用」です。
There were markets and towns along the rivers, and people gathered. Check points were controlled by Katori Shrine which is 70km west of Yashio. They levied in the name of collecting "the candle fee (offering)" at first. Shrines had power back then.
川の関所は、なんと香取神宮が仕切っていました。当初は灯明料の徴集の為に置かれたのですが、後に大禰宜家の所有になりました。河川沿いに市が現れ、賑わっていたようです。
The theme of the Edo period (1603～1868) is “Struggle with water”. River improvement and development of new field were proceeded. People finally earned stable harvest of rice.
近世のテーマは「水との闘い」です。河川の改修と新田開発が進み、米の収穫は安定してきました。
Yashio prospered as the center of water transportation. There were various shops including a veterinarian, an ice shop and a public bathhouse. I’m sure someone went to Yashio to enjoy entertainments.
八潮は水上交通の要として賑わいました。「八條の宿」として、獣医、氷屋、湯屋も含めていろいろな店がありました。舟で八潮に遊びに行く、ということもあったかも知れませんね。
The photo above is a passport in 1864 to pilgrim to Ohyama Shrine which is around 80km away. It was a group tour and ten mem participated in.
大山不動尊参詣通行手形（1864）。10人のツアーです。男ばかり。7月です。滝で水浴男達の男達の錦絵が思い浮かびます。
Someone’s diary of a pilgrimage in 1764 to Kouyasan which is 600km away is displayed. They enjoyed enough.
高野山に行く人も現れました。さすが江戸時代。戦がなくて平和です。
The photo above explains Koushin worship of Yashio. It is said “At the Koushin night, the bug inside our body goes to the emperor in the heaven. It reports our behaviors, so we have to wake up and stop the bug escaping from our body.” I don’t know whether people believed it or not, but it gave a good reason to have an overnight party.
It is written, “At the Koushin night, people gathered at a house of a host on duty, chanted, ate, drank, chatted cheerfully and waited for the sunrise.” There is a Koushin day in every sixty days. We are gradually losing such kind of parties with neighbors.
庚申信仰は、丁寧にまとめられています。「庚申の晩は、当番（宿）の家に集まって経を読み、飲食ともにし、賑やかに雑談して夜の明けるのを待ちました」と書かれています。このような、ご近所の会はなくなりつつありますね。
There were dozens of “Terakoya” private schools for farmers’ children. They learned reading, writing and calculating.
農民達の暮らしのコーナーの寺子屋と生徒の分布。この学びが明治の急速な近代化に繋がりました。
Indigo dyeing industry prospered due to abundant water. Moreover, it is near Edo which was a big consumption area.
水が豊富で、かつ、大消費地の江戸に近いので藍染めが盛んになりました。
The wooden boat is called “Tenmasen”: actual one is about 22m long. It’s crucial for water transportation. It is written, “People carried vegetables to Edo, and brought human waste to Yashio”. Do you believe it? Human waste was used as fertilizer.
伝馬船（てんません）は、長さ22ｍほど。江戸との物流の要でした。行きは野菜、帰りはし尿を載せると書かれてますが、本当？
Yashio produced high quality glutinous rice. “Shiratama” powder are made from glutinous rice. “Shira(white)-tama(ball)”, which is similar to a mochi cake, are important ingredient of “Zenzai” sweet red bean soup.
上質の糯米の産地だった八潮では、19世紀初めから白玉粉が作られました。白玉はぜんざいに欠かせませんね。
Former-Fujinami's residence、旧藤波家住宅
It was built in 1876. The family was a village head in the Edo period. They donated the house and land to Yashio city. The museum was built in former their land.
1876年に作られました。名主であり、資料館の土地を寄付した方の家でもありました。
The fire place “irori” is surrounded by stone. It is practical. Fujinami family gathered here until several decades ago.
囲炉裏は実用的に石で囲んでいます。数十年前まで使われていました。
Visited in November, 2021
Official website: https://www.city.yashio.lg.jp/kurashi/shisetsuguide/shiryokan/index.html
(in Japanese), accessed in January, 2022
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museum、吉川市郷土資料館
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