It is a huge prefectural museum, and the
entrance of the history exhibition room is awesome. I introduce the history of
lifestyle of locals in Part 2 (this article). Although Aizu-wakamatsu, in which the
museum is located, is very famous for the battle right after the Edo period (1603～1868), I don’t mention it and focus on ordinary people here.
巨大な博物館で、展示室の入り口も壮大。Part2では、福島の人々の暮らしを古代から紹介します。博物館がある会津若松市といえば、幕末、会津藩、鶴ヶ城、白虎隊なのですが、そちらは割愛して、普通の人々を追います。すみません。
Primitive age、原始時代
I pay attention to ancient clay dolls. I wonder what they prayed while making them.
いつも注目している土偶です。いつも、何を願って作ったのかと思います。
The exhibit is a full-scale model of the graveyard in Sankanji shell mound. Thirteen people and one dog were buried together. Dogs have been our good partners.
三貫地貝塚の人骨・犬骨埋葬状況の実物大モデル。埋葬した人の頭骨13個とともに、犬の骨が出土しています。犬は、パートナーですね。
Ancient age、古代
It is from the 4th century to the end of the 12th century. Rulers emerged.
４世紀から12世紀末。支配者が現れました。
The photo above is a kamado cooking stove in Saheibayashi remain. It says “Kitchen revolution in the ancient age”. There is a steamer on the pot, so people could make various dishes. Plus, it was used as a heater. The technology was imported from Korea. Lives were improved.
佐平林遺跡のかまど。甕の上に蒸し器を置いています。暖房にもなり、生活は大きく進歩しました。「古墳時代の台所革命」と書かれています。美味しいものが食べられるようになったのでしょうね。
The ear shaped plate is a chopstick rest in the 9th century.
耳皿は平安時代の箸置きだそうです。
A narrow wooden strip was used to write an official message because there was no paper. The photo above is writing utensils (replica). They used India ink, and shaved the surface if they made mistake.
It is interesting that officials worked
only to collect taxes; they didn’t provide public service for
taxpayers basically. Btw, daily utensils were not improved at that time. On
the other hand. the Buddhism spread widely.
木簡の筆記道具（復元品）。墨で書いて、訂正する時は木を削りました。
展示を拝見すると、役所の仕事は徴税で、行政サービスはなかったようですね。
また、奈良時代になっても人々の生活道具に大きな変化はなかったようです。一方で、仏教は広がっていきます。
Medieval age、中世
Samurai emerged and they battled to expand their territories.
武士の勢力争いが続きます。福島県の覇者は伊達氏でした。
Pre-Modern Age、近世
It is from the end of 16th century to the late 19th century. Samrai’s battles ended.
Reference: Edo period, Meiji period and outline of Japanese history
16紀末から19世紀後半
Life in a town、町場の生活
It’s a full-scale model of the float of Tajima Gion festival. Kabuki or Joururi (story singing) are performed by residents in front of the selected houses which is called “Geiba” (performance venue). It is still popular. After one act is played, the float moves to another Geiba.
実物大の田島祇園祭の屋台です。歌舞伎や浄瑠璃を演じる移動台です。今も盛り上がっています。芸場と呼ばれる家の前で一幕ずつ披露されます。
A castle city such as Aizu-wakamatsu grew into a business center. The model is a downtown of Aizu-wakamatsu.
城下町は藩の経済の中心地として発達しました。町の賑わいのコーナーには、若松大町一之町の模型があります。
Life in a seaside area、海の生活
Funadama-sama is enshrined at the bow. Fishing was a dangerous job.
船首には、船霊様を祀っています。漁業は命がけです。
Funadama-sama、船霊様です。
Life in a mountainous area、山の生活
It says that people have relied on the rich resources of mountains, and have prayed to the mountain god while spending their days.
山の豊かな資源に頼り、山の神に祈りながら日々を過ごしましたと書かれています。
The shed is a workshop of a craftsman called “Kiji-shi”. They lived and moved among various mountains and made wooden bowls, trays and so on.
椀や盆の原木を求めて移り住んだ木地師の小屋
Kiji-shi were belong to the group which worshipped Prince Koretaka who is depicted on the scroll. They had the privilege of moving all over Japan and cutting down trees. They were special.
木地師は、惟喬親王（左の掛け軸）を祖神として崇拝した一団で、諸国を往来し、樹木伐採する特権を持っていました。いわゆる山の民でした。
Life in an agricultural village、農村の生活
The agricultural technology was improved a lot in the late 17th century. Some were invented in Japan, and others were introduced from China.
元禄時代（1688-1703）は、農業技術が発展した時代で、選別器の万石や唐箕などが開発、或いは中国から伝来しました。
The wooden board “Nanba” was used in wetland by Lake Inawashiro. It would be difficult to ride like a skateboard, so the farmer was proud of riding on it, I think.
猪苗代湖周辺の湿田で使われていたナンバという代踏み用の田下駄です。バランスがいりそうですね。これを使えることが自慢だったかも。
Folk Beliefs、庶民の信仰
Studies and Culture、学問と文化
There were many schools even in the premodern age. I like Nisshinkan which was Aizu-han school, because its motto “What you're not allowed to do, you mustn't do. No reason.” is unique. In some cases, it works.
たくさんの学校がありましたが、何と言っても会津藩校の日新館が好きです。什の掟（じゅうのおきて）、最後の「ならぬことはならぬものです」は信奉しています。
The photo above is an agricultural technology book which is popular among farmers. Because farmers could enhance the productivity.
Japanese people could learn reading, writing and calculating even in the pre-modern age, so they could achieve it. I recognize the importance of education.
農業技術が書かれた農書が広がるのがスゴイ！
生産効率を上げて、みんな幸せになれますよね。日本は庶民も文字を読めました。教育の大切さを感じます。
Modern age、近･現代
Silk industry prospered in Fukushima. Silk was the important export item in the early 20th century.
福島でも養蚕業が花型になります。日本は絹で生きる道を作っていたのですね。
It is really abundant exhibits and I learn a lot. However, talking about “Fun of old Japanese”, I learn more in the folklore exhibition room (Part1).
豊富な展示でたくさんの情報を得ました。でも、人々が何をして楽しんでいたのかについては、民俗の展示（Part1）ほどの情報を得られませんでした。
The tower is named “Sazae-dou”. It is double helix structure; the way to climb and the way to go down don’t cross.
Btw, Byakko (white tiger) – tai (troop) of 16-
or 17-year-old lads killed themselves in this mountain at the battle right
after the Edo period (1868). It is a well-known tragedy among Japanese.
白虎隊が自刃した飯盛山にあるさざえ堂。二重らせんの建築物で、上に行く通路と降りる通路が交差しません。
Visited in November, 2020
Official website: https://general-museum.fcs.ed.jp/ (in
Japanese), accessed in August, 2021
Previous post (Exhibits regarding folklore of this museum):
Fukushima Museum(1/2)、福島県立博物館(1/2)
Next post (Local
museum in Fukushima):
Sukagawa history and folklore museum、須賀川市歴史民俗資料館
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