(This museum is closed until 2025 for renovations. Looking forward to the reopening.
大規模改修のため、2025年まで休館です。再開が楽しみですね。
Recent info. 最新情報：江戸東京博物館 (edo-tokyo-museum.or.jp)）
You can understand most about
Edo (old name of Tokyo, before 1867) and Tokyo in this huge museum. I focus on the Edo period here and I show you exhibits about entertainment, performances,
arts and travels in Part Ⅱ.
江戸、東京の全てが分かる巨大博物館である。ここでは、江戸時代を中心に記載した。人の楽しみの面からみると、読書、縁日、芝居、吉原などの人の楽しみ、また、苦しみも詰まっている。PartⅡは、人の楽しみに関係する、行楽、盛り場、芝居、旅、美術の展示となる。
Reference:EDO-TOKYOMUSEUM (1/2) 江戸東京博物館 PartⅠ
Reference:EDO-TOKYOMUSEUM (1/2) 江戸東京博物館 PartⅠ
Four seasons of Edo and entertainment 江戸の四季と盛り場
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| Four seasons of Edo and entertainment |
The
photo below shows good places for enjoying scenery of flowers. People went out
to see flowers. 四季の花見の場所。人々は花を田訪ねて出歩く。
Four
seasons in the historical material for example “Touto saijiki”.
東都歳時記など古文書に残された江戸の四季。
まずは、立夏過ぎの杜鵑（ホトトギス）。白山、四谷、お茶の水などで声を聴いたという。
The woman
below is cooking a bonito while a little cuckoo is frying over. This is a typical spring scene in April.
鰹をさばいているところに、ホトトギス、鰹。春の風景だ。
The next picture shows the opening ceremony of the boating season of
Sumida River on the 28th of May. Fireworks were launched and the night
markets started the operation beside Ryogoku Bridge. People went out to the
cool river in this summer boating season which lasted until the 28th of
August.
両国橋の納涼。5月28日には川開きで花火が打ち上げられた。茶店が並び、屋形船が出た。8月28日まで続く。
On the night of the 26th of July, “Nijyuroku-ya-machi” was
held. “Nijyuroku-ya” means “the 26th night” and “machi” means
waiting. It was said, “If people pray to three great Bodhisattvas (Amida,
Kannon and Seishi Bodhisattva) who appeared in the moon light at that night, people caught the luck.” People also went to the high places such as Shinagawa or
visited restaurants by the sea and waited for moonrise, so those were parties.
Ordinary people in this era could enjoy pastime well.
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The 26th night waiting at Takanawa where many people gathered.
26夜待ち、高輪遊興の図。屋台が沢山出て楽しげだ
|
7月26日夜半、二十六夜待ち、宴会だ。「月光の中に阿弥陀、観音、勢至の三尊が姿を現し拝むと幸運を得られるとされた。高輪、品川、須崎、湯島天神など。高きに登り、又は海川の辺、酒楼等に於いて月の出を待つ。分て群集すること夥しく、宵より賑へり。」とある。江戸庶民は十分楽しめるようになった。
Watching seven kinds of autumn flower in the mid-July.
7月中旬、秋の七草を楽しむ。
On the 15th of August, people enjoyed moon viewing while offering rice cakes, sake (alcohol) and Japanese pampas grass. This event is
equivalent to the moon cake festival in China. It is written “Many places are
crowded because of moon viewing. Under the clear moonlight, people ride on the
boats and enjoy moon viewing.” It was cool.
8月15日、各家では、だんご、酒、ススキの花を飾って月見を楽しんだ。「看月、諸所賑へり。清光くまなきにうかれ、船を浮かべて月見をなす輩多し」とある。風流なことだ。
After the first day of winter in the lunar calendar, chrysanthemum
flowers were displayed.
立冬より４，５日頃に菊見となる。「巣鴨の植木屋では菊細工が盛んとなり、様々な趣向が話題となった」とある。
The next funny photo shows Ebisu-kou on 20th of October. People
pray to Ebisu god and Daikoku god for becoming rich with offering a bream fish.
10月20日、恵比須講。「愛比寿大黒二神を安じ、鯛魚の鮮ケ気をたむけて是を祭り、万倍の利益貨殖を祈る」とある。まあ、楽しい絵だ。
The sumou wrestling tournament has been held at Ekouin temple in
Ryogoku since 1827 in spring and autumn for 10 days. It was held in Kyoto in
summer and in Osaka in winter. People from various social status gathered from early
morning, so it was a big event in Edo. Sumou is popular regardless of the era.
1827年から回向院境内で、春秋に各10日間、勧進相撲が行われた。京で夏、大坂で冬の興行があった。「晴天十日の間興行あり。見物の貴賤未明より相集まり、孟冬の一盛事なり」とある。相撲は時代を超えて大人気だ。
The caption was written in English which stated “Show tents,
playhouses and tea houses stood, and on the streets were performers and shops.
The entertainment district thrived with people as if they were holding a
festival everyday.”
 |
| The entertainment district、江戸の盛り場 |
上野、両国、江戸橋の広小路に浅草寺などの社寺に人々が集まった。「さまざまな見世物小屋や芝居小屋、それに水茶屋が立ち並び、路上には大道芸や小商いが集い、縁日のようににぎわった」とある。
Various skills for girls
Girls needed to learn art skills and manners in order to work at
samurai houses which could help them to get good matches easily.
江戸の遊芸・女子の諸芸
武家社会のものだった茶・花・歌舞音曲などを庶民が親しむようになった。町人の娘は、武家奉公に上がり良縁を得るために、諸芸を身に着けた。
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| Textbook for girls 女重宝記は諸芸も書かれた女性用の教科書 |
Travels (Pilgrimage) 参拝の旅
After the mid-Edo period, pilgrimage became popular. People were required passports for traveling in the Edo period, so pilgrimage was the best reason to apply a passport.
江戸中期以降、参拝と登拝の旅が盛んになった。通行手形が必要だった江戸時代、参拝は最高の申請理由だった。
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| Popular shrines and temples、主要参拝旅行地 |
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Belongings and wooden sword which was brought to Mt. Oyama、富士山、大山参拝の道具
|
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Woodblock print about pilgrimage to Mt.Oyama
奉納の刀＠江戸下町伝統工芸館
|
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Sendachi’s outfit of Mt. Fuji kou、富士山講先達の行衣（ぎょうい）、大正末期から昭和初期の品
|
The coat above seems to be dirty, but it was good because there are plenty of stamps and certifications on it.
行衣は汚れているが、富士山頂で捺印され、或いは修行の証明を縫い付け、白いところが無くなるぐらいまで使うのが良いらしい。（北村春香、佐久間かおる：富士講行衣（ぎょうい）の御朱印を読み解く：豊島区立郷土資料館研究紀要、生活と文化、第23号（2013）
Aesthetics of Edo 江戸の美
Edo style in which designs were favored by common people was simple
and conservative. Edo indigo（江戸紫）was popular. 江戸っ子好み。
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| Inrou (Pillboxes)、印籠（印鑑や薬入れ） |
Ukiyoe in the daily life. Ukiyoe was a printing, but it was used for
everyday goods such as fans and fryers.
浮世絵は、庶民とは距離があった役者や遊女を題材としたものが多い。虚構の世界の主役と庶民とを結びつける役割をしていた、とある。なるほど。また、版画としてだけでなく、団扇や広告などの実用品にも用いられていた。
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| Famous Ukiyoe artists、浮世絵師 |
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Kabuki actors by Kiyonobu Torii (1727)
中村座で上演の袖崎伊せのと沢村惣十郎
|
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Lovers under plum blossoms, parody of Tang dynasty emperor Xuanzong and concubine Yang Guifei by Kiyohiro Torii ( around 1760)、梅樹下の男女 見立 玄宗皇帝と楊貴妃
|
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| Mt.Fuji from Tokyo by Kiyohiro Torii (around 1760) 駿河町の富士 |
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| Kabuki actors by Kiyohiro Torii (1756)、大磯屋前五人男 |
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Sumo wrestling using pillows is shown. After being defeated, the girl must drink sake. 枕相撲、正月の吉原の座敷遊び。枕が倒れた方が負けで、大盃の酒を飲み干すようだ。
|
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| Ukiyoe introduced to Europe、海を渡った浮世絵 |
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| J.M.Whistier, The Golden Screen (1864)、ホイッスラー |
Theaters and pleasure quarters 芝居と遊里
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| Full scale model of Kabuki show theater 歌舞伎の中村座 |
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| The Sukeroku which is a title of Kabuki show is acted even now. 助六の舞台 |
Actors and staff had a party when many customers came. 「猿若三座振る舞い宴のであき」 興行成績が良かったときは、「当り振舞」と称して関係者を招き、宴会を開いたそうだ。これは、嬉しい会だ。それにしても、歌舞伎役者の口が、横に長く描かれている。
The location of Yoshihara red light district、吉原の位置
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| Ladies in the morning. They prepared and wrote letters to their customers. |
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| In the daytime, men came but most of them just looked. |
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| Party at night |
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| Customers hid faces and returned in the morning |
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| Number of courtesans of Yoshihara |
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| Rain at night in Yoshiwara (the road to Yoshiwara) 江戸八景 吉原夜の雨 |
To Meiji and Taishou period、明治大正時代へ
Perry, American commander-in-chief visited Japan which triggered the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the Edo period. ペリー来航。
Urban culture and recreation after the Edo period, it was Meiji
period.
明治時代の市民文化と娯楽
The photo of a Geisya girl which was displayed at the tower which was called Ryou-un-kaku in Asakusa.
浅草の凌雲閣に飾られた芸妓の写真。人気投票も行われたとか。
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| Like! |
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| Modern Tokyo around 1930 |
Treasure at the temporary exhibition “Tama-The Treasures of Ancient
Japan”、-特別展「玉、古代を彩る至宝」。勾玉（まがたま）が美しい。（上野１号墳）
Reference
EDO-TOKYOMUSEUM (1/2) 江戸東京博物館 PartⅠ
Referencw movie（参考動画）:
Chic ladies in Edo, feminine beauty (by Shiseido, 1981, in Japanese)、いきの時代 江戸が育てた女性美 by 資生堂（1981）: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_JC7gJsEnI
6 min. Kabuki/歌舞伎、9 min. Yoshiwara/吉原、12 min. Fabric/江戸小紋、 15 min. Hairdressing/髪結い、23 min. Bathhouse/風呂、26 min. Kabuki live-action/歌舞伎の実写、29 min. Fire-show at Sumida River/隅田川の花火
Referencw movie（参考動画）:
Chic ladies in Edo, feminine beauty (by Shiseido, 1981, in Japanese)、いきの時代 江戸が育てた女性美 by 資生堂（1981）: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_JC7gJsEnI
6 min. Kabuki/歌舞伎、9 min. Yoshiwara/吉原、12 min. Fabric/江戸小紋、 15 min. Hairdressing/髪結い、23 min. Bathhouse/風呂、26 min. Kabuki live-action/歌舞伎の実写、29 min. Fire-show at Sumida River/隅田川の花火
21 funs
(楽Fun) were found in part 2. Visited in October,
2018
Official website:
https://www.edo-tokyo-museum.or.jp/en/
(English)
https://www.edo-tokyo-museum.or.jp/
(Japanese), accessed in November 2020
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江戸博) :
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