Raiden is the stage name of the strongest sumo-wrestler in history. Unexpectedly, he (1767-1825) wrote diary and letters a lot. Therefore, we can know about him a lot even now. The small museum tells us his life well. Sumo was the definitely most popular sport back then; people enjoyed playing and watching sumo. However, I’m not sure whether he enjoyed it or not. I’ll try to read his diary. I also visited the house where he was born nearby.
雷電(1767-1825)は、伝説的な強さを誇った力士ですが、筆まめだったので彼のことがよくわかります。近くで保存されている生家も見学しました。相撲は今も昔も庶民の楽しみですが、彼にとってはどうだったのでしょうか。今度、彼の日記を読んでみます。
The museum is in the building of the roadside rest area “Raiden Kurumi (walnut, the local specialty)-no-Sato (village)”.
小さな資料館は、道の駅・雷電くるみの里に併設されています。くるみは当地(東御市)の特産品です。
His height was 197 cm and his weight was 188 kilograms; he was a giant at that time. He was prohibited to execute three kinds of sumo moves, because he would injure his opponent. However, his winning percentage was 96.1% (462 wins, 19 losses, and 5 draws).
雷電は身長197cm、体重188kgの大型力士(当時の日本人は今より10cm以上小柄でした)。相手を怪我させるので「張り手」「かんぬき」「突っ張り」を禁じ手にされましたが、それでも、江戸・京・大坂での勝率は9割6分1厘(462勝19敗預かり5番無勝負)の圧倒的な強さを誇りました。江戸相撲の一場所は原則10日。野天なので晴れた日に開催されます。
We can find his name at the top position of the official ranking list in 1797 (yellow circle).
1797年三月場所の江戸相撲番付表には、西大関に雷電為右衛門と書かれています(黄枠内)。大関は当時の最高位でした。
He was hired by the daimyo lord of Matsue, and lived near the residence of the lord in Tokyo. He was busy because he went to not only Tokyo and Matsue but also various places across Japan as tours of country areas. His diary shows us.
雷電は松江藩のお抱え力士で、江戸の上屋敷近くに居を構えていました。江戸・京・大坂での相撲だけでなく、地方巡業、松江訪問と多忙で、「当時世間で力士達は『一年を二十日で暮らす良い男』と言われていましたが、そのような訳にはいきませんでした」と書かれています。
Photos of his diaries are at the upper and his letter is at the lower. He wrote the letter to his patron, which says he will visit as soon as possibly in very polite way. I knew how well-mannered he was.
上段日記、下段は手紙。手紙は、若い頃に奉公していた小諸の柳田家(小諸での相撲の主催者?)に送ったもので、上田での興行(晴天4日)が終わり次第、参上いたしますと書かれています。律儀な人柄が感じられます。
The cute pictures depict his life.
雷電の生涯の紹介。絵がかわいいですね。
He was strong enough to bring his mother and the bathtub into the house when a sudden thunderstorm started. Really? (“Raiden” means thunder and lightning.)
突然の雷の時、母を風呂桶ごと持ち上げて屋内に避難させました。ほんまかいな。
Official website: https://museum.umic.jp/hakubutsukan/ (in Japanese), accessed in November, 2024
House where Riden was born、雷電生家
The house was moved and is preserved near the museum.
雷電の生家が道の駅の南に移築・保存されています。
The stone in front of the house is named “shovel stone”. A legend says he hung the stone from his shovel; it was a strength training while going to field.
家の前には、雷電が田畑の行き帰りに鋤の先に吊して歩き体を鍛えたという鋤石があります。
There is a sumo ring behind the entrance door. It’s a bit small.
屋内には小ぶりな土俵があります。
The exhibits in the rooms praise his great accomplishment. The layout of the house is different from farmers' one.
座敷には雷電の偉業を称える展示品があります。直列に4部屋が並び、田の字型に部屋を並べる農家のつくりとは違いますね。
The photo above is the house before being dismantled and being reconstructed. I was moved because the old house remained.
解体移築される前の家の写真。江戸時代の民家がよく残っていたものです。
There is a second floor in the house.
二階建てです。
There are also stone monuments near the house; those are located along the old highway (Hokkoku-kaidou). The renowned samurai and scholar Sakuma Shozan created the inscription, which says Raiden was strong and gentle man and so on. It was built in 1861, however, people shaved the stone and used it as charm (social success, victory, birth of a strong baby and so on). The inscription was removed, so a new monument on the left was built in 1895.
更に南へ行くと、旧北国街道に面して、力士雷電の碑があります。旧碑(右)は雷電の甥が佐久間象山に碑文を求め、1861年に建てられたものです。「肢幹鉄の如く、しかも貌温厚にして自然に親しむべし」(原文は漢文)などと書かれていて、名文といわれています。
しかし、碑を欠き取って身につけると立身出世するとか、勝負事に勝つとか、強い子を授かるとか迷信が生まれ、碑文が読めなくなり、新しい碑(左)が1895年に建てられました。
Official website: https://www.city.tomi.nagano.jp/category/bunkazai/130444.html (in Japanese), accessed in November, 2024
Visited in October, 2024
Previous post (museum in the neighboring city): UEDA
City Museum、上田市立博物館
Next post (museum in the same prefecture but along the other highway): Suwa City Museum、諏訪市博物館
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