Odawara was a big post town on the Tokaidou highway in
the Edo period. It is located before Hakone Mountain which is the hardest pass on the
Tokaidou. After the Edo period, celebrities lived or had second houses in
Odawara.
小田原は、戦国時代は北条氏の本拠地、江戸時代は箱根を前にした大宿場町となり、明治以降は有名人の住む都市になった。歴史、文化人、考古、民俗、自然科学の５つの資料室がある。歴史史料室は、武具や昭和の道具があり面白い。民俗資料室は、教室ぐらいの大きさで、地道というか素朴に地域の品を展示している。入館無料。小田原城内にある。撮影は許可制。
This museum has five exhibition rooms
(History, Culture, Archaeology, Folklore and Science). Tools and weapons in the
History room interests me. In order to take pictures,
we have to get approval from the officers of the museum.
 |
| The sign board in front of the museum、郷土文化館の看板 |
 |
| Historical material room |
Everyday life 日常生活
 |
| Folklore material room |
Odawara lantern which is a
well-known-product is exhibited in front of the room. Farmers' lunch boxes (three types) and
a container for cooked rice with insulating material which is made by straws
are exhibited too. Eating should be fun anyway.
Farmer’s life before mechanization around 1960 is illustrated. Many farmers collaborated in order to harvest
tea leaves because the leaves could not be stored. It was a cheerful event.
They also collaborated for rice planting and had Sanaburi party after planting.
They offered three bunches of seedlings to a stone cooking oven and treated
helpers (mainly women) by giving them different dishes. Those gatherings should be fun and relaxing for farmers.
There were school holiday for
agriculture at that time. Agriculture was the most important activity in their life. Children
stayed at a watch tower during the summer and kept a good lookout to prevent
thieves from stealing watermelons. This means there were many thieves then. On
the other hand, housewives washed clothes at night because people thought they were lazy if they washed during daytime; women worked all day long.
民俗資料室に展示されていたのは、まず、小田原提灯、定番だ。農民のお弁当道具（お重型の田弁当、弁当行李、曲げわっぱ）、お櫃入れ（藁で作ったお櫃の保温材付き）、食べることは楽しいからねえ。
機械化前（１９６０年以前）の農家の生活が絵で説明されている。まず、茶摘み。茶は摘み置きができないので、近所から人手を借り賑やかだったとのこと。田植後の早苗饗（さなぶり）。苗を三束かまどに供え、田植をしてくれた早乙女たちへご馳走を振る舞い祝うという。人が集まると楽しいものだ。畑うない（耕す）用の学校休日があったそうだ。農業が生活の中心だ。夏は子供たちが櫓に登り西瓜番をする。西瓜が盗まれないように見張る。意外と治安は良くなかった。一方、「夜すすぎ」と言って、農家では昼に洗濯していると怠け者と見られるので、夜に洗濯や食事の支度をしたとのこと。働きづめだ。
民芸品的なものでは、ガラス製の蠅取り器が目についた。複雑な構造の奥に香料を入れておき、蠅を誘う。くけ台付の裁縫箱は多機能だった。
Faith 信仰
There are exhibits about Dousojin god who is a
guardian of a road and protects walkers from daemons. In Odawara, Dousojin statues
are mainly couples. People hold a festival for Dousojin on Saturday or Sunday
around 14th of January which is a special day called Little New Year’s
Day. People burn New Year decorations at the same time which is called “Donto-yaki”
festival. They pray for the safety, rich crop and children’s health. They also
pull floats and walk around while photos are exhibited.
There are exhibits about “Kou”. Kou is a religious group in a village, but some
Kou’s act for mutual aids which is similar to a residents’ association today here.
The members of Kous gather at the house in turn, they hung a scroll of a god
picture, eat and talk. The scrolls are given by famous shrines and temples.
However people don’t cook recently, they just use catering service or just
drink tea, so the custom is being simplified. I think groups like Kous will rise again because people would need a face-to-face communication system in
a digital society.
By the
way, there are 22 districts in Odawara, and most of the districts have Nenbutu
(chants for the Buddha) Kou. The unique one was a “Mountain-God Kou”, only four
districts had that Kou. Its members were mainly young
guys, they prayed for the safety of mountain works such as mowing and they held
a small festival in which they discussed matters. On the festival day, they
didn’t work and gathered at the room in which the scroll of Mountain-God was
hung. It was held until early 20th century. Hanging scrolls and
photos are exhibited in the exhibition room.
まず、道祖神について。小田原は男女の双体道祖神が最も多く、１月１４日（小正月）前後の土日に道祖神祭りがどんと焼きとともに行われ、一年の安泰、豊穣、子供の健康などを願う。神奈川県西部の特徴は、どんと焼きを行うのと、山車を引くことだそうだ（鴨宮など）。
講について。「講とはムラなどで見られた信仰を主とした集団のことです。信仰的なものだけでなく無尽や、葬式の際の手伝いなど現在の自治会などに似たような側面をもった講もありました。年に数回ほど当番の家に集まり、掛け軸を飾った部屋で食事や情報交換を行っていました。」とある。講の掛け軸は周辺の有名寺社のものだそうだ。最近は、当番の家で料理を作るのではなく、弁当を注文したり、お茶のみにするなど講が簡素化しているとのこと。「時代が下がるにつれて解散する講が増えており、古くからの慣習が失われつつある」と書かれている。しかし、人付き合いが減った今、講のようなフェイス・ツー・フェイスの会は増えてくるのではないかと思っている。
小田原の２２地域のうち、ほとんどに念仏講があるが、山の神講が４地域にあった。山の神講では、主に若い男性が所属して、草刈りなどの山仕事の安全を祈り、仕事の話し合いを兼ねて、お祭りしたという。森林組合に近いものではないか。祭りの日は山仕事をせず、山の神の掛け軸をかけた部屋で、食事や情報交換を行った。飯田岡では大正末年頃まで行われていたという。
＊参考図書：西海賢二 城下町の民俗的世界ー小田原の暮らしと民俗（２０１４）
「講の展示は、博物館平成２９年度実習生４名によるものです。」と書かれていた。
Seikantei house near the museum 郷土文化館近くの清閑亭
Seikantei house was a country house
of Lord Kuroda which was built in 1906, then it was transferred to a life
insurance company as a recreation facility. It is located on the hill near the
sea, so comfortable.
１９０６年に建てられた黒田長成侯爵の別荘で、戦後は第一生命の施設となった。海が見える高台にあり、誠に心地よい施設。
 |
| The entrance of Seikan-tei、清閑亭玄関 |
 |
| Semi-formal Living、客間 |
 |
| View from the second floor |
There were few houses when this building was built,
so it would have been a more wonderful view.
二階座敷からの展望。家のなかったころは良い眺めであったであろう。
Tourist spots in Odawara 小田原市内
 |
| Castle tower of Odawara、小田原城天守 |
 |
| Moat of Odawara castle、お堀 |
 |
| Old house which is a community center now、なりわい交流館 |
Visited in
January, 2018
http://www.city.odawara.kanagawa.jp/public-i/facilities/kyodo/ (Japanese),
accessed in January, 2019
Previous post (The third post town in
Toukaidou) :
Next post (The famous check point and the
next post town on Toukaidou high-way) :
Comments
Post a Comment